V Official Organ of THE FIFTH SUNDAY MEETING ASSOCIATION OF CANADA Price: r*c. sin & le — $2.00 per year. Vol. 1 THE WORKER WATCHES New Commission To Study 'l^a^ems Must Suggest Practical v Remedies and Parliament Must Act. , * i — Senator Robertson, Minister of Labor, has been the consist- ent friend of the workers. If he has not done all that the workers expect a Minister of Labor to do in these days, it is because no ""Minister of Labor under our \ resent capitalistic and oppor tunist form of government could / do more than he has done. What he has lacked has been the support of a substantial j ; ,bor element within Parliament itself. We do not mean the sort of labor element that makes a pat- ronizing pose from some lofty pinnacle behind which the same oW- wirepullers work the same old game of “putting things over’’ on* the dear workers. We mean the real men, the workers who have lived with workers, worked with workers worked — perhaps starved — under a bulldozing boss whose object in life was to whip as much out of the worker for as little as he dared to give; men who know from personal contact what unemployment means, what worry about rents, grocers’ bills and children’s boots means _ m en who are from the ranks and who are so inspired that they cannot rest until the best that is in them is dedicated to the happiness of the people, and to that alone. . . That labor element is in tne making. Its seeds are in Par- liament now. Soon it will be a powerful growth. There is noth- ing problematical about it. It shall be so. He who would think different- ly is slipping behind the times. He who would try to retard its coming is digging his own grave. Senator Robertson is a work- I V SENATOR G. D. ROBERSTON, Minister of Labor, to whom is due the formation of the new Capital-Labor Commissron er from amongst the workers. He knows, much better than most of his parliamentary col- leagues know, the aims and needs of the worker. He also knows the determination and power of the worker to blast the bottom out of anything that will stand between him and his own conception of what is liberty and iustice. . . Hence the new Commission announced by Senator Robert- son which will shortly tour the country to study the relations of employer and employed and the possibilities of j° int uu ‘ us ‘ trial control. Let us give that Commission a chance. We know i that Commissions are slippery things, stop-gaps, and that the reports of many Commissions ^ go into safety-deposit vaults and are never heard of again. But the workers are watching this Commission much more closely than they ever watched Com- missions before. This Commission will have to make clean-cut decisions. H will have to “scrap old ideas oi I place and privilege, old forms and customs. It will ha' e a , ; least to be abreast of the latest labor movements in Great B ain of the fundamentals oi the findings of the InternaLonal Labor Conference, of the ex- pressed desires of the workers of the United States and Can- ada. Having done so, it will not only be the duty but the ne- cessity of Parliament to give ef- fect to the findings of the Com- mission without too much quib- bling and fancy phrasing. Give the Commission a chance. There is enough solid worth in its composition as announced to justify patience and the ex- pectation of the square deal. Heaven help the Government that will try to chloroform oi juggle its report— today . Page 2 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER 'Uti The Government have now an- nounced the personnel of their Com- mission upon Industrial Relations. It consists of Chief Justice Math- ers, of Manitoba, chairman ; Sena- tor Smeaton-White and Mr. Charles Harrison, M.P., for North Bay as representatives of the public. Mr. Carl Riordon and Mr. F. Pauze, both of Montreal, as representatives of the employers; and Mr. Tom Moore, Ottawa and J. W. Bruce, of Toron- to, representatives of the employees. There could be many improvements upon this Commission and at first sight it looks scarcely equal to the task which confronts it. Chief Justice Mathers has, it is true, presided over some arbitra- tion concerning wage disputes and has a fairly good record as a Judge, but his democratic sympathies are not pronounced and he has never been famed for any special inter- est in industrial questions. If the editorials in the “Montreal Ga- 1 zette ’ ’, which he owns, are any guid- 1 ance Senator Smeaton-White is not likely to favor the inovations which the Whitley report favors. Mr. Har- rison,, M.P., for North Bay, is the one so-called labor representative in the Unionist Party. He is an hon- est, painstaking man, but has hither- to cut not the slightest figure in the Parliament and has signally failed to voice the sentiments of labor on several critical occasions. Mr. Riordon is reputed to be a ca- pitalist of more than ordinary pro- gressive ideas and of Mr. Pauze ilttle is known; one French Cana- dian representative was inevitable. Mr. Moore, of Ottawa, is the well- * %■*#* & *#* & * & * & | WEIGHTY WORDS | | Let us all cultivate | | the sense of society * ~ ° ‘ ■* known President of the Tardes and Labor Congress and his point of view will be more or less conserva- tive, but he can be relied upon to plead for the Whitley Report. Mr. Bruce, of Toronto, is a much more radical person than Mr. Moore. He belongs to the social democratic party and is the only member of the Commission who would be at all likely to come near voicing the sen- timents of Western Labor, which is to-day poles apart from the move- ment in the East. There will un- doubtedly be considerable dissatis- faction in the West at the failure to select one or two representatives from that region. Moments of Interest The Senate ' rarely provides much material for comment or criticism; it is, according to one view, a drow- sy haven of rest for disinterested patriots, and to other eyes a poli- tical workhouse, where faithful par- tisans who have lost or cannot carry their seats are enabled to quarter themselves on the country and scan at intervals the evidence of the marital infedelities of their fel- low citizens. But even the Senate has its moments of interest and bu- siness, it never rises to the level of excitement. There are some able members, no great host to be sure, on its benches, but men like Senator Dandurand or J. S. MacLennan have a grasp of public affairs, which few of the present Cabinet possesss and are always worthy of attention when they speak. On Tuesday, the 10th, a comparatively new member of the Upper Chamber, Senator Planta, of British Columbia, stirred the tranquil waters by calling the attention of the House to the fact that there are foreign agencies in Canada whose activities are calcul- ated to create a condition of labor unrest throughout the country. Let us think of the * | great sacrifice made * § by the young soldiers. I % They gave their lives I S freely and selflessly. | I They saved us. Are | * we ingrates? Are we | I so mean that we must | I squander their legacy | * in bitterness and hate * I and greed? Must we | I dishonor their stain- * * less memory by squal- * | id squabbling over the | | heritage which they % I bought with their * | blood? Is all our nob- I * ility, all our chivalry, * % all our patriotism I * buried in Flanders? I * — James Douglas, f Horrified Colleagues Senator Planta lived some time in Australia and has obviously given some thought to industrial matters. He approves of the Government’s proposal of an Industrial Commis- sion, but fears that the evil siprits cannot be stliled at this late date. He horrified his colleagues by read ing out extracts from the statements of Mr. Winch, President of the Van- couver Trades and Labor Council to the effect that there could be no re conciliation between capital and labor until rent, interests and pro- fits were eliminated and that he was prepare to utilize any means which presents itself to eliminate capital- ists. This bold evowal was made be- ore a Commission in investigating the dispute in the Coughlan ship- yards and so appalled Judge Mur- phy, the Chairman, that he declared if this was the official voice of la- bor, his enquiry might as well cease at once. Planta had further revela- tions to make of the iniquities of the Laborists of Vancouver— how they had sent a resolution of greet- ings to the Russian Soviet Govern- ment and the Spartacans in Ger- many, how, after the manner of pa- trician ladies, they had declined to receive Mr. Peter Wright, whom Mr. Planta believed to be a promi- nent worker for social reform in Britain, and did not know to be sus- pect everywhere as the hireling agent of the Lloyd-Georgian Gov- ernment. The speaker bronght a ray of comfort to his frightened breth- ren when he told how the Great War Veterans were still on the side of sanity and had dealt rigorously at Cranbrook with some wandering de- legate from the Calgary Conven- tion. The Senator emphasized his belief that the labor troubles were due to alien agitators, but he pro- duced not an iota of evidence to prove his contention. He obviously filled his colleagues with great gloom. If the Mathers Commission does not devise a new^ social order, which it obviously will not, they foresee Soviets and all manner of dreadful things. Religious Squabble During the week, there were two of these appalling religious squab- bles which benefit no single indivi- dual in Canada, but merely serve to embitter public life and hamper the reasonable discussion of vital political and economic questions. The first arose over the famous raid on the Guelph Novitiate. Sir Sam Hughes charged the Govern- ment, particularly Mr. Doherty, with shielding Catholic students therein from Military Service Act. He and his friends waxed very wroth over an apology which Gene- ral Mewburn had offered to the head of the College for the some- what arbitrary conduct of ons of his subordinates. Liberal Opposition Catholics, naturally, rose to defend their co-rel?igiousts and' the battle raged for many hours. Nothing new was said and much precious time was wasted. In the end, Mr.Meigion, as Acting Minister of Justice, pro- mised a Commission of Inquiry, which will give fees for many law- ers and come to nothing. The On- tario Orangemen do not like Mr. Doherty and the debate was a med at him. The second squabble came in Thursday’s debate, wherein, »Sir Sam, once again to the fore, demand- ed heavy and uniform penalties for defaulters. There were the usual changes about Quebec’s slackness and the leniency of the judges there. Most of the Unionist speakers want- ed disfranchisement and heavy fines but Dr. Michael Clark made a good plea for tolerance. , Tuesday, April 8th, was largely consumed in discussing the estim- ates of the Public Works Depart- ment, of mail subsidies and steam- ship subventions. Mr. Carvill came in for bitter attack from some Unionists because he had been mis- guided enough to award some con- tracts to Liberals. The abolition of patronage was supposed to have legalised such awful practices, but Mr .Carvell is too much of an ob- vious Liberal still to be popular with his ancient enemies and some day soon he and they will part c pany to their mutual satisfacti Mr. Carvell is in many respects sincere radical, he hates exploi tion, cant and snobbery in all the manifestations, but unfortunatel his views upon labor relations an public ownership are sadly primi tive. One Big Union Idea On Thursday, the 10th, Mr. Hoc- ken at question time attempted to put the case of certain Toronto let- ter-carriers, who had served over- seas, against the Civil Service Com- mission before the House, but the Speaker ruled him out of order. Mr. Archambault inquired if the Govern- ment was aware of the decision of the Calgary Labor Convention in favor of the One Big Union idea and if they meditated any steps. Sir Thomas, who unlike Mr. Arthur Balfour, evidently reads the daily papers, had seen an account in the press but was not otherwise interest- ed to date. Mr. Rowell’s Federal Health Bill was considered in Com- mittee and reported. There is a decided danger that it may set up in our midst a medical autocracy which will be as presumptuous in its atti- tude to the general public as cer- tain church organizations are and there may be scope for political manipulation. It is a pure piece of paternalism and while it contains some good features, it will not be- gin to remedy the real troubles of Canada, which are economic. There is a report now that Mr. Calder wi take over the Health Departme: and restore Immigratio to Meighen. Mr. Rowell’s heart said to be set on representing Can- ada in the Imperial Cabinet in Lon- don and if that chance comes his way, the health of the Canadian people must needs take its chance in turn. Sir Thomas White sought a vote of credit for the enormous sum of $350,000,000 of which nearly $300,000,000 was for military and demobilization purposes. He stated that our war expenditure now ex- ceeded fifteen hundred millions. The balance of the vote was to be used to provide credits to Roumania aad other countries for manufactured ex- ports. The opposition were properly criticical of the Roumanian trans- action; Mr. S. W. Jacobs declared that the credit of a country which might any day be infected by a Bolshevik revolution was far from safe and Mr. Pedlow maintained firstly that excessive prices were being paid for a woollen order which Roumania had utilized the credits for here and that an unne- cessary commission had been paid to a certain Mr. Yapp, a represen- tative of the woollen manufacturers for his services. Export trade is very fine but if subsidies, which the pro- vision of state credit amounts to are given to send our products free- ly abroad, there is scant hope of any reduction in the cost of living at home. Butter, for instance, is mounting steadily .to uotrageous prices but our coud storage firms have large quantities in stock and are selling it a fancy prices to Page 3. famished Europe, while our poor famish for it. The Railway Board lias declined to interfere with the railways’ adoption of daylight sav- ing and Parliament despite its ow decision now works by the new sum- mer time. THE £ Canadian Railroader WEEKLY With Acknowledgement to the London Nation. It Needs Scanning On Friday, the 11th, . Dr. J. D. Reid, the Minister of Railway^ in- troduced the Government s bill to fix the conditions of administra- tion for the national railways. The Sis an amazing production and deserves very careful scanning by the public. It proposes that the , if the National rail management it tne i'* R d wav shall be in the hands of a Board 7f Directors who shall be appoint- ed bv the Governor-in -Council, which i fssv«r £££ •' E.'i w.y‘. The board will »pp.™»b , b, u* Ip. “w"i disoretioo in the proposals and P*> inted out that the Government’s plan left scope for all the evils that had b devilled railway administration y a tat c in other countries. A large majority 6 o'f the directors were busi- ^ W ltll O * L Now that the fighting has ceased, it is possible to consider with some- thimgvof detachment the events of the last four years. We can throw the mind back to the early days, to the opinions that were then held, and see how far they have been justified. On the causes of the war and its process it is vain to. dwell. They are so involved that it will take two generations to unravel them. They provide opportunity for little save conjecture; but on one point we can speak with a knowl- edge that is denied posterity, that is— the psychology of war. For in what has it been urged that this war differs so greatly from every preceding war? Sure v i that it was the war of righteous- ness. “Not for passion or for pow er’> clean-handed we went into the contest. The whole nation was aflame with ideals. In the great need we had proved ourselves worthy of our high destiny. This ' ‘To-nigh he’s in the pink, but soon he’ll die; And still the war goes on, he don ’t know why.’’ It is in that spirit that men have gone to their death, dazed and mi- serable, conscious only of their suffering, filled with regret, and a , longing for the calm days of peace And for those who survived courage sank to an habitual disregard ot danger ; they came to see war as the ordinary course of things. y merely transported their own va- lues into the changer conditions , they were no longer disgusted by fUt And that is the most terrible thing of all. The first time a man goes into action he is horrified y what he sees. Through the cold of I wet night he stumbles along a duck-board track; on all sldes ° him arc strewn signs of conquest, broken dugouts, half -buried, gun^ men, bits of men, horses. And with morning comes the blind terror of the barrage; the whistle, and he plunges forward, frightened and T The Official Organ of the Fifth it Sunday Meeting Association ^ of Canada ♦ J. A. Woodward, President ^ C. P. ft- Conductor. XX j N Potvin, Vice-President ^ C. P. B- Train Dispatcher A W. E. Berry, Sec.- Treasurer * G. T. ft. Conductor XX Executive Committee S. Dale, C. P- R- Engineer a Q D-ilp (J. 1 . ri. ~ « D. Trindall, G. T. R. Locomotive £ A T^no-ineer A 0. P. E. U JStSZ*. C. P. B. O* “ E d McGilly. C. P. E- Locomotive a »•»•*—» Trainman „ . w T. Davis, Gen. Yard Master U W. Farley, Cl. P. B. Locomotive A Engineer « w. Davis, G. T. B. Engmer M. James, 0. P. B. Engineer a. Pugh, G. T. B. Conductor Wm. Parsons, C. G. B. Agent Issued in tlie interest of JSrf f.gt among the unburied dead SLS hVs inspired the facUt > fjh<f w* get used to *, sooner r enthusiasms of tl, P-s^and^ later his nerves w^go » A "W , Locomotive Engineers a Railroad Conductors ♦ Locomotive Firemen n Railroad Trainmen (Switchmen) Maintenance of Way Men Tbev would ineviuwv r, XSTJ ‘I’” Canadiao National Railway, to-day, are largely surviv- K from the MacKenzie-Mann re- °Jme It wL f reely charged that the latter pair of worth res had^tHl ^ close contact with th the Minis- was very amusing to see the Mi ^ ter of Bail ways, 'who use. strongly suspect of uuuue See to the C. N. B. arising with hectic cheeks and waving arms to defend in great indignation, - r. B Hanna and other C. N. B. direc f‘ from what he thought were tragedy that »» tent political schemer like Mr. J. D. Beid should have charge of this important department at the P re K time As regards his outbuist, it was felt that “the lady did pro- %vae He has certainly 'B 0 ',:.r"«mm1..S St*} *- SSSbl. .0 Parliament (or « financial accounting. Let the i left a free hand in administration. D Eeid enjoyed ... M. railvray re.olut.0. jll » « a reeert »a m.a. the content a. = » » tnWible. But would that yw English composition was the on y crime of our Tulers. some ‘rose-red revelation of the Grail a universal penacea, the for all mortal ills. 4 ‘Purged through fire”, Ordeal by battle”, “a uation been the catchwords; and yet false, how patently false! Doubt- less the civilian felt as he spoke. But for the fighting man this war has been as every other war It has opened to him no sudden influx of ideals; instead of bringing him face to face with reality, which is an other word for the spiritual com ception of things, it has coa J‘ sea ^ < him, making him (consider human life as a thing of little va u . dailv work has been placed on the lowest and most elemental levcL he has lived from day to day, satisfi as long as he had food to eat and a countless pictures glonfy ng this routine of filth and squalor we have been told that the inner flame rises superior to the external and zstszz&s:" when an Arcmc _ T that first horror will pass. He will look at the dead body casually, m a cold-blooded sort of way, wonder- ing how long it took to die. There is no sadder experience than J,,..! «« nigb, . vards in the wake of carnage. The sense of desolation, the very lights fling across it unreal, fictitious sha- dows. The brown stretch of water- logged shell-holes seems unending And among the scattered bodies ot fV,o (\ pad dim figures are seen for aging the broken bodies, searching for souvenirs, diving their hands to pockets, preying on camon. They are no longer shocked by the con ditions of war, but are them to their own advantage. The scie tific slaughter of human beings has become for them the natural setting tb.ir aeily ^ wau!l XX Maintenance ot vvay A Bail road Telegraphers 9 and employees m all branches of tt the service A Membership open to all who toil Y by Hand or Braim V ? Yearly subscription: §2,0U ^ ? Single copies . . 5 cents £ ♦ xx ♦ XX « It h k PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY The Canadian Railroader Limited DANDUBAND BUILDING, MONTBEAL GEO. PIEBCE, Editor. MEMBERS OF INDU STRIAE COMMISSION ARE NAMED ENDORSE UNION’ The Vancouver Trades and Labor SI o, him being “S eI, uien” nnS vrtd .1* ed ; his susceptibilities hav « b h fa ° or of | 9tr ike to enforce the s.x_ deadened. Henri Barbusse, m l , However, the action of one^honest »iece of fiction this n hour day. How ^ ^ has produced, draws with an im 1 this J .... iU . ,«„v and file of «Miv thfi moral ar mense r °sym^hy the moral and m- may talk of the ideals at stake, this Doay ,® , fil „ 0 f necessary for the rank and tne o X to vote on these questions be- fore they are decided. A referendum will be ‘taken on these two ques- IndiviciuaiiLy « — , t ake „ T \\\ be taken on ^ ‘ , - - *• rol “" 14 by are without meaning. The commission to investigate in- dustrial relations will consist of two representatives each of employers, of the employed and ot the public. Chief Justice Mathers, of Manito- ba will be chairman. The members of ’the commission are: Chief JusHce Mathers, chairman; Senator Whit , (President of “Gazette Publishing Co., Montreal) and Charles Harn son, M.P., (Railwayman) represent- ing the public; Carl R.ordon (Pre- 1 silent of the Riordon Pulp and Paper Company, Montreal), am Pause, (lumberman), Montreal, re- presenting the employers; Tom Ere (PreeWebt .< Jb. » d Labor Congress) ,and J- w - I (member of the Labor Appeal Board, Toronto), representing ™ nto ployees. Thos. Bengongh, Toronto, will be secretary of the commis- sion. Page 4 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER r THE TARIFF COMMISSION Dr. Michael Clark, M.P., Thinks It Would Be Mis- chievous; Western Manufacturer Approves of Main Idea. Wo intend to let our Tariff Com- mission idea get all the airing neces- sary, as we believe that only by a fair presentation of the case, for and against, can we show the proper value of it. This week, therefore, we are giving prominence to extracts from two letters, the writers of which are frankly opposed. In pass- ing we may say that, of course, we expect the politicians to be opposed. Extracts from letters follow: — Strongly Opposed. From Michael Clark, M.P. for Red Deer: — “I am most absolutely opposed to •the appointment of a permanent Tariff Commission. Such a body would in my judgment be mischiev- ous in the extreme, and its appoint- ment would be an abdication by Government and Parliament of duties properly devolving upon them- selves. ” Approves Main Idea. From T. R. Deacon, President, The Manitoba Bridge & Iron Works, Limited, Winnipeg: — 1 Generally speaking I agree with re main, idea of your proposal whilst as to the working out of some of the details I think they would require modifications in some re- spects. The general idea is all right. ’ 7 Hearty Approval From F. M. Kimball, Business Sys- tems, Limited, Toronto: — 1 1 Would advise that this editorial meets with our hearty approval, and is in acocr dance with our own ideas. ’ 7 Bound to Fail From Charles Leclerc, Editor “Le Prevoyant”: — “The tariff question is, in its very nature, a political one; any ef- fort, from any source, to remove it from the political sphere, is bound to failure. “The people of Canada stand for democracy. We have had already too much government by commission. The Commission you urge the estab- lishment of is kaiserism, nothing else. In such a move, the people will see nothing else but a trick to deprive them of their sovereignty, and to play the game of politicians and capitalists. “The next move might be to name a Commission of three members, ap- pointed one by the manufacturers, one by the Trades-Unionists, one by agricultural classes, with power to administer the whole business of the country. They would, of course, as the proposed tariff commission, be appointed for life. And that would do away altogether with what you call “party politics”. The result would be “stability and progress 7 “sufficient protection” to all, no “disturbances”, “genuine benefit” to the entire country. “Believe me, it is easy to fool some people some times; but mighty hard to fool everybody all the time . 7 7 1. That a permanent Tariff Commission be established. 2. That the elements of society deeply interested shall each have a representative on this Commission. 3. That the Commission shall consist of five members. (a) The manufacturers shall nominate one member. (b) The Trades Unisnists, throu g *it their executive on the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, in conjunction with the executive of the Railroad Brotherhoods, shall nominate one mem- ber. (c) The agricultural class, through the Council of Agricul- ture, shall nominate one member. (d) The Government in power at the time of the appoint- ment of the Commission shall nominate one member who shall be known as the Government Revenue member. (e) The Government in power at the time of the appoint- ment of the Commission shall nominate one member as a tariff statistician. (f) Adepartment of scientific research, capable of analyz- ing processes of costs and manufacture shall be operated under the authority and jurisdiction of the Commission. (g) The Chairman of the Commission shall always be the statistician. 3. Each member of the Commission shs.ll receive a salary of no ^ ,^ ian $15,000.00 a year and shall have the selection of a qualified statistician and staff. ft*#*****#*#*#*#*#*#***#* 1 1 will rise! * * * By Angela Morgan. * * * $ * *%*%*#*#*#*&*#*#*#* I will rise when the workers rise, I will see with the workers 7 eyes. Why should I softly turn in bed If they rise up when the sun is red? Stern are the roads their feet must go Through parching heat or stinging snow; They sweep the whole world fair for me — And as they see, I, too, must see; And as they know, I, too, must know — I will rise when the workers rise! * * * I will rise to-day at the hour the workers keep — I will whip my soul from sleep. How may I know their cause is right If I sleep on till the sun is white? Their woe I, too, must understand Whose toil hath made my fairyland. My back shall bend beneath their strain, Mine their courage and mine theii pain, Mine their patience and mine their skill, Mine the push of their splendid will. * * * I will rise to-day as the vigorous workers rise, I shall see with the workers 7 eyes... Flint-cold pavements and icy streets, Stones that clatter with hard hoof- beats, Clanging cars and hurrying throngs, Ways of danger where death be- longs: — The forge, the loom, the sweatshop grim — All these, all these to share with him Who weaves my magic world for me: And as he sees, I, too, shall see. * * * I will rise to-day as the militant workers must, For I know their cause is just I who suffer and I who bleed, My tongue shall plead as theirs shall plead. Mine their courage and mine their good, Mine their union in brotherhood. O ye, who sleep in your soft white bed, Rise up, rise up when the sun is red. Go bravely forth as the workers go, For knowledge cometh only so! %*&*&*-&*&***&*&*%*#*%'*%>* WHAT WILL IT MAHER ? * r& * & * * * •fr % * & * & * * & * & * & 4* & 4* 4* & 4* ft 4"& What will it matter in a little while That for a day, We met and gave a word, a touch, a smile, Upon the way? What will it matter whether hearts were brave And lives were true; That you gave me the sympathy I crave, As I gave you? These trifles? Can it me they make or mar A human life? Are souls as Rightly weighed as riches are By love or strife? Yea, yea, a look the fainting heart may break Or make it whole; And just one word, if said for love’s sweet sake. May save a soul. May Riley Smith. VOLUNTARY FLORISTS With the advent of Spring, eight hundred gardens along the line of the C. P. R. demand the attention of the Agents and Section foremen and other employees who take an interest in making the stations at- tractive. The Floral Committee at headquarters in Montreal has spent much thought in simplyfying and facilitate this work of beautifying, and by establishing perennials and shrubs where possible, have made it possible for a Station Agent to have a world of lovely blossom with very little cultivation. These, how- ever, must often be supplemented by annuals, supplementing the pe- rennial display, so a carefully select- ed package of seeds is made up suit- able for planting in any climate from St. John to Vancouver or from Windsor to Saskatoon. The seeds comprise Rochia (Summer Cypress), California Poppy, Double Sinnia, Sweet Alyssym, Phlo, Dwarf and Tall Nasturtium, and Giant Mi- gnonette, which apparently is a great favorite with the employees wives. It is interesting to note that this Station garden work is done voluntarily by the C. P. R. men in their own time — the Company pro- viding liberal prices which are keenly completed, by those in- terested. 4. The members of the Commission to be appointed for life, subject only to the recall of the organization by which they have been chosen. 5. The Commission shall hold daily sessions, excepting on legal holidays. , 6. The Commission shall have power to fix the tariffs, to examine the books and to ascertain the costs and selling price with reference to goods of any manufacturer seeking tariff pro- tection. 7. The tariff fixed by the Commission shall be final and unassailable unless subsequently changed by action of the Com- mission or a special act of Parliamnet. Page 5 I The Way The Wind Blows «,ttt n TT.T.TTERACY 1 ^ _ 4-^ Vfa labor CHILD ILLITERACY An alarming percentage of illiter- acy among certain groups of working children is disclosed in figures made public by the children's bureau of the United States department ol labor. These figures are based on the experience of the bureau in is- suing federal certificates to children going to work in five states where state certificates were not accept- able for the purposes of the former federal child labor law. More than one-fourth, or 5,294, of the 19,546 between 14 and 16 years of age to whom certificates were issued could not sign their own names legibly. In the five states where 18,379 white children between 14 and 16 were certificated, but 742 had — ^reached the eight grade in school. Of 1,166 colored children only reached the eighth grade. In other words, 96 per cent of the white children and 97 per cent of the colored children granted certifi cates had not reached the eight, grade. * * * * ‘ DUMMY ’ * DIRECTORS Editor Baine of the Shoe Workers ’ Journal applauds the Massachusetts state federation of labor for refusing to indorse a bill that would permit corporations to provide for the re- presentation of employees on then boards of directors. The labor editor suggests that om ployers permit trade unionists to run their own affairs before they (th unionists) are invited to share in the management of the business of some one else. . The bill was introduced in the state an executive of the r > Tn «uir>T)ort of the bill* •age company, lu supp the law-maker said. # <<I have tried many experiments. I have tried profit sharing b— workmen’s committees, and all those things, and every one of them when time of stress came. Editor Baine calls attention to tl® employer's tail... <» lectave bargaining. “It is to be expected that an ccutive committee of the board of directors would run the business and The employee directors would be called in only on certain occasions, principally when it was desir impress them with some idea in the firm’s interest relating to its labor policies. Such directors would be selected by the management of the business or by the stockholders, and would have to be perfectly accept able to the stockholders and to the directors. ’ ’ Editor Baine predicts a new ciop tional Union of Railway Men of Great Britain and Ireland, at a re- cent conference of employers and employees. The trade unionist said he was deputed to make the following ob- servation for the triple alliance: “The organized workers of Great Britain have made up their minds to obtain for themselves an increas- ing share of the wealth which their labor has produced and produces. The workers of the three-fold or- ganization are determined to shorten materially the hours of labor in their respective industries. They are di - AN ITALIAN SLAP AT THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ~ v • - ■R.mim a nf Russians Poles, Bohemians, Roumanians, The medley is composed of Russ***, and Montenegrins. Germans, Hungarians, Croats, ___ L >Asino (Rome). f these scueiii^ not to solve the labor problem, but to 'Circumvent it.” # * * labor not COMMODITY Labor is not a commodity and it demands that it shall become a real partner in industry, is the declara- tion of the triple alliance, consisting of the unions of railway workers, miners and transport workers. This statement was made by James H. Thomas, member of par- liament and general secretary Na- saxisucHi ----- Which treats their labor power as a mere commodity to be bought, sold and used as though they were ma- chine-like units in the process of wealth production and distribute , and they therefore demand that they shall become real partners in iu dustry, jointly sharing in deter- mining conditions and management. * * * 18,000 MAY UNITE One of the biggest movements— or rather series of movements-m which many branches of Canadian industry will be affected, is now in progress. Probably the biggest part of the new movement, which is now fully under way, is that of the Marine Federation, in which all the ship- building plants, marine engineering I shops, and allied concerns from Ha- I lifax to Port Arthur, will be con- cerned. Owners of 18 to 20 ship- building yards, and about the same number of engineering shops, and representative delegates of all the trades will meet inside the next twenty days to complete the form- ing of a marine federation that will establish uniform working condi- tions and rates of pay for all the plants concerned, and these will be binding on all who are members of the federation. The plants concerned employ be- tween 15,000 and 18,000 men and are situated in Montreal, Quebec, Three Rivers, Sorel, Lauzon, Kings- ton, Collingwood, Midland, Toronto, Ottawa, Bridgeworth, Welland, Ha- lifax and Port Arthur. Another aspect or part of the movement is to form all the metal working shops into one big coun- cil, and raises the status of the workers who toil in them. A further part of the movement will be to improve the position of the skilled worker in the locomotive manufacturing plants of Montreal and Kingston, while an effort will also be made to deal with the farm implement business as O industry and have the workers tnerein orga- nized accordingly. * * * at SCHOOL TILL 18 In the Ontario Legislature last week, Premier Hearst introduced the Adolescent School Attendance Bill, which wakes part time school attendance of boys and girls be- tween the ages of 14 and 18 com- pulsory. Adolescents of this age, will, in the future, be unable to ob- tain employment unless they pos- sess certificates of exemption. Be- tween the ages of 14 and 16, adoles- cents are required to have 400 hours’ education each year, and, between the ages of 16 and 18, 320 hours yearly. The act does not ap- ply to adolescents who have com- pleted a matriculation course or have passed an equivalent exannna- The act stipulates that all tion. -Liie - urban centres of over 5,000 popula- tion must provide for such courses. In smaller communities it is not obligatory. The bill is not likely to be finally passed this session, and no date is fixed for its coming into force. Lis -Page 6 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER CO-OPERATION, CO-PARTNERSHIP, INDUSTRIAL COUNCILS By Francis HANKIN, Honorary Secretary, Canadian Reconstruction Groups. (Continued.) The schemes recommended in the C, it is recommended that Trade report are intended not merely for the treatment of industrial problems when they become acute, but also, and more especially, to prevent their becoming acute. The first report dealt only with those industries where organization was well developed on the part of both employers and employed. A second report dealt with two other e.lasess of industries as follows: :Group B, comprising those indus- tries in which either as regards em- ployers and employed, or both, the degree of organization, though con- siderable, is less marked than in group A. Group C, consisting of industries in which organization is so imper- fect, either as regards employers or employed or both, that no associa- tion can be said adequately to re- present those engaged in the indus- try. For Group B, it recommended that the proposals of the first re- port should in their main lines, be applied to those which are found to be relatively well organized. Here a National Industrial Council might be formed, but one or two pfficial representatives might as sist in the initiation of the Coun- cil, and continue to serve for a time in a advisory capacity only. They would remain only at the wish of the Council itself. It is possible that in some dis- tricts, organization might not be sufficiently complete to permit of Uie_ establishment of District Coun- cils, but this should not prevent such councils being established where the state of organization warrants such a step. In the case of the unorganized or poorly organized districts, Trade Boards might be appointed. in the industries covered by Group •oards with extended powers should be instituted until organization should permit the formation of Dis- trict or National Industrial Coun- cils. The Trade Boards were originally intended to secure the establishment of a minimum standard of wages in certain unorganized industries. It is suggested that the functions of these Boards should be extended so that they might deal not only with minimum rates or wages, but with hours of labor, and questions cogn- ate to wages and hours, and that they should also be in a position to initiate and conduct enquiries on all matters affecting the industry. These Trade Boards would consist of representatives of employers and employed with ‘ ‘ appointed ’ ’ mem- bers. The amended Trade Boards Act of last year gives the neecssary powers. Under the proposals above de- scribed, there would be broadly tffro classes of industries — those with National Councils and those with Trade Boards. The Committee also issued a sup- plementary report on Works Com- mittees, in which it was suggested that these Committees should not be permitted to interfeie with those questions such as wages and hours of work which should properly be left to the National and District Committees, but that the Works Committees should concern them- selves with questions affecting the daily life and comfort in, and the success of the business. The pur- pose of a Works Committee is to establish and maintain a system of co-operation in all these workshop matters. These Committees should not, in constitution or methods of working discourage Trade organiza- tions. In the report dealing with Conci- liation and Arbitration, it is recom- mended that conciliation and arbi- tration should be voluntary. The question whether awards and agreements should be made enforce able by means of monetary or other penalties was examined exhaustive- ly by the Industrial Council in an enquiry commenced in 1912, and the Whitley Committee concur gene- rally in the views expressed in the report made by the Council in 1913, to the effect that, while it is to the interests of both employers and workpeople and the community ge nerallv that industrial agreements should be duly fulfilled, in the long run this object is more likley to be secured by an increased regard for moral obligation, respect for an instructed public opinion, and re- liance on the principles of mutual consent, rather than by the estab- lishment of a system of monetary penalties. The final report is a summary of the previous reports, and deserves quotation at some length, as it enables one easily to comprehend the scope of the recommendations of the Whitley Committee. It is to be noted that five members of the Committee add a postscript that the proposals while being likely to lead to more amicable relations between employers and workpeople, are not regarded as capable of affecting an entirely satisfactory settlement of industrial problems: 2. We have presented four Re ports. In our first Report on Joint Industrial Councils (Cd. 8606) we recommend the establishment for ea<ch of the principal well-organized industries of a triple form of or ganization, representative of em- ployers and employed, consisting of Joint Industrial Councils, Joint Dis trict Councils, and Works Commit tees, each of the three forms of or ganization being linked up with the others so as to constitute an or ganization covering the whole of the trade, capable of considering and advising upon matters affecting the welfare of the industry, and giv- inb to labor a definite and enlarged share in the discussion and settle- ment of industrial matters with which employers and employed are jointly concerned. 3. In our second Report on Joint Industrial Councils (Cd. 9002) we proposed for trades where organiza- tion is at present very weak or non- existent an adaptation and expan- sion of the system of Trade Boards working under an amended Trade Boards Ajct ;and for trades in which organization is considerable, but not yet general, a system of Joint Coun- cils with some Government assist- ance which may be dispensed with as these industries advance to the stage dealt with in our first Report. In the second Report we proposed also a plan whereby the Joint Coun- cil of an Industry, when it has agreed upon a minimum standard of working conditions for those em- ployed in the industry may have the means of making those conditions general in any disrtict or over the whole country. Taking our first and second Re- ports together, they constitute a scheme designed to cover all the chief industries of the country and to equip each of them with a repre- sentative joint body capable of dealing with matters affecting the welfare of the industry in which employers and employed are con- cerned, and of caring for the pro- gressive improvement of the indus- try as an integral part of the na- tional prosperity. 6. In our fourth Report (Cd. 9099) we have made recommenda- tions on Conciliation and Arbitra- tion. Replying in the main on the methods built up by agreement within the various industries and looking to an expansion and im provement of these methods. Resulting from the habit of deal- ing with common questions in Joint Council, we have limited our new proposals to the establishment of a small Standing Arbitration Coun- cil, on the lines of the present Committee on Production, to deal with cases where the parties have failed to come tc] an agreement under their ordinary procedure and wish to refer their differences to this Council. The Whitley Report has received a widespread study throughout the world. It will therefore not be out of place in view of its importance to emphasize the advantages to be secured by its general adoption. This can best be done by quoting from a pamphlet issued by the In- dustrial Reconstruction Council of London. (To be continued.) — « — - - TO AVOID REVOLUTION the smoke of bolshevism travels around the 'world. C aKO u,, " u A '**• The National American Woman's Suffrage Association at St. Louis, Mo., passed resolutions endorsing the League of Nations and urging the United States Government “to bring about the prompt redress of all legitimate grievances” as a safeguard against revolution by violence. THE CANADIAN RAILROADER The Fifth Sunday MeeUng Association of Canada Its Only Aim Is TheWdfare of The Masses. Join Now. , ftf a nati0 n cannoTadvaiice beyond them™ make it. The people <>f a Sunday Meeting Association of C n * e( i \ n the of the manner ni M £ J any class, particularly The^m Ss g the a a tt S ain m en g t of true democracy. ww PLEDGE OURSELVES:- ^ ® , .i federal educational plan TStSSt SOS* — “ a industrial developments; for the franchise n _ 1. ^ rt O 1 1 toeI^nds!^ BE used HUXV ■ the Dominion Headquarters are used to The funds accumulating 11,1 development of the organization; political and educational propagandas^ ^ ^ fiwuwlng of the various the preparation of pamphle s opportunities develop, to elect ° political campaigns where tavo VV & ^ books are aud itoa by a candidates. The treasurer is under firm of accountants. WOW TO BECOME A MEMBER HOW lit Merelv fill out the appaca- An application blank will be foun< ® ^ Dominion Headquarters, tion blank, buy a postal \ y re tum mail. Join thus gr at your membership card will bo ^ a ^ t ion a.id clean polities. Today « «• ffflE EDINBURGH ' PATRIOTIC CLUB § madian jtaiiroauci , S“S.»AT».i «?*»*;*'» »•**»?“_ £»., jvernment ; umversa suttrage impr 0 vements, and all pr portunUks r fo 0 r n soldiers and their dependents; tow compelling :: ■ -r shareholders and bondholders. onaiiuiucio. financed by members r is financed eu- 1 1 The Fifth Sunday Meeting Ass. octet n on o . ‘ me ^ bers hip fees. If a 01 * 2 <ur " ,,y “ application for membership With the close of the war, the man> JS- 1- “ py*™ « "S psnecially those connected with the received the public recognition the. deserve. „ . , A We have recently been urnmhed •fit final statement of the burgh Patriotic Club, an association organized by the Misses Loatt.^of the Edinburgh “* e “ d 19 B 14 ua der the" 1 convermrship 1 Miss ' Annie Eont- The objects of the Club uerc o provide comforts for members of^e Allied Armies, and to aid distress arising through the " ar - The money neeessary to purchase the T Hrsfsup^lies was contributed by the members in addition to the trance, fee of fifty cents. The Work Committee’s report s ions a total of 2,891 vaTo^ Cross Society. Donations including ^eets^lank- ets pyjamas, pillow slips, towels, ana hussiS totalled 1,888 articles. In addition to this t and CriSbte 5 ’S 7 including 1 donations to various charitable organ^ns for ctlu1h?s Ho|£ai; Gazett^ ^SLTSSZ^ the The importance and work of the cessitate a Dominion Charter. Charter Members w • ^y r ight, r 4 . 4 . 54 - prDfiident; James A. wrigu^ Louttit, rresiaei , Tjawne pir^t Vice-President , x •• •»«■. A«to, »««■■! w “ MW W AM, Mi,: rrj- sl *. »■ «»»• o( , h , 0 , ub w The success of the o and questionably due^t and her equally 1 great-hearted lor Ibeir »»-J » “*' J ' ft, ,h. the entertainments necessa y • augmentation of the CluD We are pleased to have the _ op Z -t, J bringing these facts to portumty ot bring j siug 0 ur „„blie . o l « f h “E le L,«l X'.'rf”o - ( =" b ’" Of the Edinburgh Patriotic Club. to pay, To the Secretary, Mpptinff Association of Ca ^ a ^^’. „ ThC * fliST Headquarters, 65 Dandurand Building, MONTREAL, Que. h6 ^ Sunday I hereby make application for meml^iP.^ ^ agree , Meeting Association oi I C a . ta adv ance. while a member, the yeauj Name . 45 Address. Amount paid % City.... Province . BOBERT w. HUNT, Drosident. ^ TIMES w. MOFFAT, Secretary Date rrwviutw ’ maUed from Quarters, Official ™jf o e ™ hl * ms Mution ami general rales. W ith copy of Platform, ,) ” * ROBERT W. HUNT & CO., LIMITED insrectm af e T ult^ Bjneen f' 17? of tnS »d metal P— - Expert examination an • p <?es Reports on Properties and Processes ; r8 at al important manufacturing centres in BeSWent CanX^e Onited States and Grea^BnUm McGill Building TORONTO, ►*♦*♦*♦* Branches: VANCOUVER, MONTREAL LONDON, Eng. Page 8 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER GEORGE? RJERCE — EDIROR 4* ♦ 4* ♦ ♦ 4. ^ ^ 4, I A Living Wage Or Vice -Which? ! ♦ ♦ M : LCH has been written on the vice question in Montreal. In a recent editorial one of our most important daily papers expressed the opinion that the proper way to attack the situation was to make war upon the white slavers. Other important bodies favor suppression by closino- such institutions through constant raiding. Generally speakin^ the contributing causes are supposed to be the police, the bench the law, the lack of reformative institutions, the lack of proper recreational facilities for young women, the movies, the dance ldll, the prevailing immodesty of female attire and the want of a i clv ' lc y nseieilce ; The cigarette, drink and the drug habit are also held responsible. 0 No doubt each of the causes enumerated contributes its quota to the great human cesspool of misery, yet the daughters of the wealthy smoke their perfumed cigarettes in elaborate public cafes, they drink the highest of wines, and bediamonded fingers hold the crimson glass high where all may see; they roll by in luxurious cars; wdh shoulders bare they recline in their boxes at the theatre and they are beautiful to look upon, if we hate any appreciation for nature. 1 hey view the performance of scantily attired niads of the stage and discuss their physical attributes with risk and caring, they meander into the picture shows to while away the afternoon, they motor out under the stars during the hours of the moon s sweetest enchantment, they dance the latest dances to the bewitching air of fussy fox trots and dreamy waltzes and yet 7 ’ the C j garette ’ the dance hall, etc., are supposed to be the real causes of prostitution. * How is it that among the god-forgotten, the poor, painted, desolate derelicts of life, we never, never, never find the daughters ”T the nch - rhe answer is very simple. The real cause of prostitu- tion is poverty The under nourished, the naked, the hungry the miserable — these are the victims. The movie show, the dance mil, the cigarette do not lure the rich woman into the red light district nor do they entice the poor woman. Let us brush aside all subterfuge. They are simply alibis for the real culprit. The real criminal is the bewhiskered, silk hatted suave em- ployer with an armorplate conscience who pays his employees starvation wages — the gentleman who frequently writes his cheque for well advertised charities and benefactions and then calmly sits down upon the back of his undernourished and despair ing employees for the rest of a “perfect day”. If you question the fairness of the charge we make, then ask one of these flourishing nabobs if he can elaborate a method or devise a plan whereby a healthy young girl of sixteen can exist on the munificent salary of five or six dollars a week. Here is the crux of the whole situation. The working woman of the city of Montreal is underpaid and underpaid to such a degree that' she cannot secure for herself the very essentials of life — food, clothing and shelter. Whit , e 7 aver never captures a rich woman, isear in mind that our fashions are designed by men who cater the T lthy ; K the d « if the^ostumes appear whims You lil /1 • that tke desi " ,ler is catering to your ivl,i L;! f of leisure who rustle in the silks of life, you Z olnT ? eS V°- r the ,ittle g,ass of wine, you who brush you who dance <mah l ies aiK ! whiff the naughty little cigarette, wish to hpln vn y0U who ? re bllt chlldren playing, if you really to your rich and n?°°I7 , si ® ters ’ and "! e know you do, bring home pow erful husbands this one fact, that any woman will be moral, will be good and will reject all advances that come from the underworld provided your husbands will give her a liviim wage. Without wages that will ensure food, clothing and shelter to the young girls of our City, you may throw open all the temples of worship, you may pray from morning until night, you may finance committee after committee, you may issue pamphlets by the million, you may hire the most expensive preachers that Christendom affords, you may screech and roar, rave and shriek scream and rant and gnash your teeth, but prostitution with its paint, and its running sores will grin in at your window and make mockery of your slumbers. You are not immune. Perhaps it cannot lay its putrid hand upon your fairheaded daughter but it can grip your baby boy and tear his bones asunder. So a way 1 We have no time for camouflage, we have no time nor humor, for skilful alibis. The living wage and no other plan can offer the solution. And now we come to the question of the public conscience. . w bose order we do not know and we do not care, but it is suf- lcient unto the fact that on Christmas eve w T hen the world was making merry , when the wine was flowing, when the candles were it upon the evergreens, when the little children were about your knees, when the bells were ringing, when hearts were thrilled and eyes dimmed with the great loveliness of life — on the night when Christianity was born, there were hundreds of forgotten, tempest ™!V 0W , ° U S wko kad keen battered about in the grim storms 01 LA ~ daughters of the poor who had covered the scratches and tiie rents made by the claws of vicious men and painted it over with the powder and the rouge and the red light of their unhappy environment, they were trying to forget, to forget old i a , ces a ? d kmd voi ces that were stilled — they were arrested. About them were the derelicts, weary and wayworn, the only /> friends that modern society could vomit up for them. In then- caves tar away from our sensitive nostrils, in their own way and according to their means they were trying to forget, they were trying to forget us and the things that we had done to them. And then out of the night there came waggon after waggon. We dragged them out of their holes, we piled them one upon the other, we dragged them Chl-kf 1 the . streets - we Jeered, we jeered, we gibed them — on Christmas night. On they went, through the pack — hundreds upon hundreds of men, with their teeth bare at the sight, wolves the pack. Not a word of compassion, not a heart throb. The utter desolation, the degradation, the terrible depravity, the in- justice and the unspeakable brutality of the mob is beyond the slrrv 1 J?,? V™ b ?/ sked in a l )ra y er - We were infinitely r > wj ., ,f bject { Pendent, for what man is there who has not ... 1 'vdh the pack lo make what reparation we can, we shall lglit from now on for a living wage for every poor man’s child. ►*^*^*^4*^*^*^*^*^*h**^4.^4^ THE GREAT AWAKENING j ♦ ^rnpHERE has been a great awakening of the masses The J_ people are aroused as never before in the world’s his with nr,n°Vr +1 0 sp ” ke a prominent labor leader in conversation Canada 16 "o 1 and most influential business men in Canada. Quite so , was the answer, “still they’ve been awake before and gone back to sleep again”. We will admit that thev have been awake but we cannot concede that they are about to doze away into convenient slumber again. When the situation is gfe* >* f ' J "»* is s„ me basis !7ti p • * of . the . P e °P le are inarticulate. There is no m of intercommunication which the people control. The only THE CANADIAN RAILROADER Wu.ce of knowledge h «he peeg * P “‘ “ k i politely, has not alway told the ^trut - considera ble 1 ’ ' Until the outbreak of the wa . r ,f3 eT he majority of influence and following among published, making ample readers usually discount ucnC es which were intertwined with still a limited faith in the reliability of the general news published. d : d d other activities During the w«r p“s»e to enthuse and of the nation, worked The German gtate organize the militant spirit am g I editors were exposed was laid bare to the hone, the j . between church and state word for word, all of the rajm Shrieks ^H tWr subterfuges, and factory, and money, all their tricks fid was n i pp ed all their cunning, all their, taw** ^ a » \ h “ r Sions of tons of wide open and exposed to the P «= ployed the keenest SL— educate the people to the perfidious Perf0 O r rco C urse 01 'the* Publications loTa^ed taX Centra^ Powers were«y engaged iu exactly , “^^Tron^DS *£% 7ni::,z;% r •sssls^X that the public was makin & . ’ , , mi average newspaper effect has been a "amt “cents worth reader to-day can look right through us wo or »' rny^peopl'eS Se'awale'and ,°he'4n who tries to f^l then, will discover that the world is full of somnambulists. servants The Mining Industry in Britain CHANGES and PROPOSALS There has been and is still sitting in Great Britain, a very important commission presided over by Mr. Justice Sankey , which is investi- gating the coal industry and the variety of problems connected with it. On the Sankey commission ,all classes are represented and the case of the Miners Federation has been powerfully represented. In the end most of the miner’s demands as to wages and hours were conceded but the question of the future manage- ment of the mines is still under con- sideration by the commission. How- ever, ten out of the thirteen mem- bers of the commission are agreed in ercommending a complete change of ownership and control. The mine owners representatives want a sort of national trust, in which they will retain great control. Mr. Sidney Webb and his Fabian friends de- sire state socialism, but perhaps th most interesting proposals were those of Mr. Straker, made on be- half of the Guild Socialist School of Thought. These proposals are now summarized below. < < As a first practical step to sa- tisfv the larger demand and to place nationally and locally , on sou business lines, so that the interest of the miners and the commu y may be fully safeguarded , said the witness, “I beg to suggest the fol- lowing^provisionS ’ ^ the appointed day a Mining Council of ten members, five of whose mem- bers shall be appointed by the Mi- nister for Mines, of which two shall especially be appointed to repre- sent the interests of consumers, and five by the association known as the Miners’ Federation of Great Britain. (2) The Minister of Mines shall be chairman and an ex-official mem- ber of the Mining Council. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Act, it shall be lawful for the Mining Council, on behalf of the Minister for Mines, to open and work coal mines and win and deal with minerals and generally to car- ry on the industry of coal mining and distributing and vending, toge- ther with all other industries car- ried on in connection therewith Provided that it shall not be law ful for the Minister for Mines or the Mining Council to lease any mine or minerals to any person, asso ciation or corporation. (4) The Minister for Mines may compulsorily purchase land or ac- quire such rights over land as he may require for the purpose of this Act, and shall have, wtih regard to the compulsory purchase of land, all the powers of purchasers under the Lands Clauses Act, 1845, and the Lands Clauses Consolidation ' (Scotland) Act, 1845. (5) For the purpose of this sec tion the Mining Council, on behalf of the Minister for Mines may, from time to time, in such manner and on I such terms as they think fit: I (a) Appoint managers, engineers, agents, clerks, workmen, and other persons, and (b) Construct, erect or purchase, lease or otherwise acquire, building plant, machinery, railways, tram- ways, hulks, ships, and other fixed or movable appliances or works of any description, and sell 01 other ' wise dispose of the same when no longer required, and (c) Sell, supply, and deliver coal and other products the. result oil coal mining operations, either within or without the realm, and (d) Enter into and enforce con tracts and engagements; and (e) Generally do anything that the owner of a coal mine might law- fully do in the working of the mine or that is authorized by regulations under this Act or by this Act; and (f) Employ agents, including local authorities or trade unions, for any purpose they may think necessary to carry out their duties under this Act, on such terms as may be mu tuallv agreed. (6) In addition to the powers con- ferred on the Mining Council on bo- half of the Minister for Mines by the last preceding sub-section, the Council may, in such manner as they think fit, work any railway, tram- way, hulk, ship or other appliance for the purpose of winning, supply- ing and delivering coal. (7) The members of the Mining Council shall be appointed for five years, but shall be eligible for re appointment. (8) The Minister for Mines shall, for the purpose of the carrying on and development of the mining in- dustry, divide the United Kingdom into districts, and shall, in each dis- trict, constitute a district mining council of ten members, half of which shall be appointed by the Miners’ Federation of Great Bn- tain. (9) The Mining Council may dele- gate to any district mining council such of their powers under this Act as may conveniently be exercised locally — d the district mining coun- cil shall, upon such delegation, have and exercise within their district all tho powers and duties of the Min ing Council as may be delegated to them. .. (10) A district mining council shall, subject to the approval of the Mining Council, have power within their area to appoint pit committees for each mine or group of mines, composed of ten members, half of which shall be members of the Miners’ Federation of Great Bri- tain, and nominated by the work- ers of the mine or groups of mines aforesaid, and the district mining council may delegate to such pit council such of their powers con corning the immediate working or Page 9 management of a particular mine or group of mines as the district min- ing council may, subject to the approval of the Mining Council think fit. (11) The members of district min- ing councils shall be appointed for three years, but shall be eligible for re-appointment, and the mem- bers of pit councils shall be ap pointed for one year, but shall be ©legible for re-appointment. The witness, in conclusion, sa.d: • - In laying this case for nationaliza- tion of mines and minerals before you, I have made no attempt to co- ver the whole ground; I have merely touched what I regard as the prin- cipal points, and dealt with it ou broad lines. All the details to give effect to the principle of nationaliz- ation, which we ask the Commis- sion to recommend and the Gov- ernment to ac-ept, will have to bo wrought out and embodied in an Act of Parliament”. -m the obsolete salute [Saluting in the streets is a thing of the past.] How smart it was! The sudden jab Of whirling hand, the click of boot With heel on heel, the glance astute To blue or green or scarlet tab! The finger-tips appeared t® stab The eyes that right (or left) • would snoot; For discipline was simply ab- Solute 1 But Tommy’s tiring of 3®fc> And daily in the crowded street He turns aside if he should meet, Perchance, some high brass-hatted Since he’s beginning to demob. His sense of freedom is complete, So discipline is simply ob- Solete l Money still talks, but contact with the high cost of living seems to have given it throat troub e - — Arkansas Gazette. « oh C olly 1 A fine dhance the world I got for universal peace with a thing like i in our house 1 ’* / Page 10 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER jQwt -but me rrnim THE LAW IS AN ASS, SAID A JUDGE IN RENDERING HIS DECISION RECENTLY “Well” commented Acting Chief Justice Archibald, sitting at Mon- treal in review, with Justice Mer- cie r and Monet, recently, “the ef- fect of the judgment just handed down by this court is that we au- thorize the defendant husband to beat his wife if he so desires or to take a woman of ill repute into his house to live with him and his wife. That’s all I have to say!” This acrid remark of the distin- guished judge was called forth by a majority decision of the court in a case brought by a woman, who sought to obtain a separation from her husband. The wife alleged among other things grave miscon- duct, and threatening to kill, so that life had become a hell on earth. However, in spite of all proof, the decision was against her; there was nothing left for her to do but to return to her lord and master if he would so permit, or go where she pleased, if he decided otherwise. erty accumulated by^ both parties without his wife’s consent, and need give her only a very meagre allow- ance if he so chooses. IJ License For Men. 'If women were not reminded of these facts once in a while they would not believe these laws per- mitting men every liberty and lr- - cense so far as their treatment of frheir women were concerned. For- tunately for the famliy, the major- ity of men have evolved far above the limits accorded them by legal enactments. If they behave as the law allows them what brutes they could be and what *abject slaves women and children would be! The difference between the rights of men, especially the rights of par ents, are far too conciliatory to men. In fact, according to law, the father is the parent. He doesn’t pos sess quite the power of life and death over his family as of old, but he who holds the purse strings and the deciding voice in the ownership and control of wife and children holds nearly everything. He un- doubtedly holds the reins and can whip up or slow down the family chariot at will. A few days ago, I had need to summarize these laws. It was not a complete summary by any means, but sufficient to stir the imagina- tion if not the ire of most women and every broad minded man to protest. Here are these laws. I will leave the reader to judge whether they do credit to the intelligence of the legal profession, or the chivalry of the “natural protectors” of wo- men. The husband can sell the prop- What the Law Allows. A girl of 12 years can marry if her father consents, irrespective of the mother’s wishes. If a wife leaves her husband, he has a right to compel her, by force, to return to him. In cases of separation the father has legal right to the children, un- less the court orders otherwise. A wife cannot borrow money to get her husband out of jail, or to establish her children in business. The father has sole authority in the education and disposal of .the child, although the mother is equally responsible with the father for its maintenance. A wife inherits nothing from her husband if he makes no will. No surgeon may perform an oper- ation on a woman or minor child without the authorization of the husband or father, even to save life. A wife cannot take legal action, dispose of her legal property, take a gift of property, or go into trade, without her husband’s consent. If husband and wife are judicially separated, the wife cannot sell her property without her husband’s consent. If no marriage contract exists, the husband has complete administra- tion of his wife’s property, and can collect her wages. A woman, though separated from her husband, and separate as to property, cannot sell it without his consent. A man may secure a separation de corps because of his wife’s adult- ery; it is necessary, before the wife can procure the same, that the hus- band keep his concubine in their common habitation. : chattels, oxeny asses, barns, farms, household stuff and so forth, and have undergone little if any change j in the interval. Education, religion, industry, po litics and science have all progress ed and gone forward, but “His Ma- jesty the Law” stift waddles around In the rags of past centuries. May this not be the psychological moment for women to look more closely into the laws which are so antiquated, absurd and out of date. Men of high and low degree are not only holding out the olive branch to women but eulogizing them in season and out .To listen to some of these orators one would imagine women had suddenly taken to them- selves wings but they haven’t... they are still human, very much so. There is little of the angelic about them, • consequently they are very much in need of the laws which affect their earthly surroundings being remodelled. Greater Injustice. These laws are unjust, all thinking people will admit, but still greater injustice exists in the law relating to young girls. With these I shall deal in a later issue. The civil code of the Province of Quebec dates back to 1867 and is based orf the Napoleonic code of 1804, which took its code from French sources, which in turn were based on the code formulated by Justiceas, Emperor of Rome of the 4th century, and at a time when women were classed with goods and V Kicked Footboard. Women have kicked the foot- board out of their cradle. They have relegated the spinning wheel to the attic where grandmother keeps other old relics of a bygone «.'ge. They have put away the broom and floor cloth for the electric sweeper and patent mop; they carry resolutions, timely and progressive, to their meetings instead of recipes for colic, soothing syrups and sundry other things. Not because they are not still interested in teething, colic and cooking, but because such things can be discussed over the phone Meeting day has become a red-let ter day and is for something more important than former trivialities, Women stand side by side with men in every profession in the arts, sciences and industries, but they have not yet succeeded in changing the laws which bear so heavily and bring such misery to thousands of helpless women and children. These laws are old, moth-eaten and musty. The book shelves of our law courts need overhauling and house cleaning. Men were never good at house cleaning. Women must go in and take a hand in cleaning out the legal refuse of\$he dark and dim past. This suggestion,- 1 know, will horrify some of our good and sincere law-makers who say? “The laws cannot be changed. They are on our books and we must not touch them. They were made by great men. ’ ’ In the light of modern knowledge and human needs are the foregoing laws either just, reasonable or com- mon sense? Are women not half of humanity and mother of the other half? Are they not as much or more interested in the welfare of home and children as men are? Ho they not suffer and sacrifice most of the family? Every injustice to woman must eventually find its echo in the heart of the race. Men cannot be free while women are bound. Why give men greater protection under the law; why not project both equally? “Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is not reason. Reason is the life of law, nay the common law itself is noth- ing else but reason”. One of the greatest injustices to women quite condoned by the law is the fact that when raids are made by the police upon disorderly houses appended to the warrants is a signed order issued by the magistrate giv- ing the men found in these houses the privilege of being released on a ten dollar cash bail. Needless to say these men are not foolish enough to give their right names or addres- ses and rarely if ever turn up to claim their ten dollars. What an added slur and injustice to women L by which divine right are men permitted to escape their share o fthe blame, shame and punish- ment particularly since men are supposed to be the “Natural Pro- tectors” of women and “stronger and more logical sex”. Where is the protection, where is the strength and pray where is the logic? Pro- tection for one publicity. Shame and punishment for the other. -n- The Women in Scotland. A comprehensive study of the prob- lem of industrial housing stand forth as the chief work of the Scottish Women’s Trade Council. During the year 1918, according to its annual re- port just published, representatives of the Council secured material from social workers, representatives of working women’s society, officials of corporations and other public bodies. The basis of the data accumulated demanded that all houses should con- tain properly-equipped kitchens, wash- ing facilities, bath and plenty of hot water, central heating equipment, up- to-date ventilation and sanitary ac- commodation, open air spaces and children’s playgrounds and the public cleaning of closets, stairs, courts, and playgrounds by organized corps of workers. Good for the working women of Scotland! What’s the matter with the working women of Montreal tak- ing a lesson from their sisters in Scotland? No city needs greater ac- tivity on the part of women than Montreal. I THE CANADIAN RAILROADER Page 11 *#*'%*'&*#***~»*'#*%*’»*i£*%*#*'£*'»*'X***'»***'#*%*#*'%*# * The Stuff Revolutions Are Made Of § FIGURES ON NATIONAL DEBT r I ’h watching... watching dai- [’, said a young mother “for uAnething to happen. It's going to ppen, it will happen when the yast expected”. “What do you •lean”, said a wrinkled shabby lit- e woman beside her, “what’s go- ng to happen”. “Why don’t you know, don’t you feel nt coming, don’t you see tae injustices everywaere, don’t we see how we’re oppressed and suffering [every place you turn, next door, up- on the streets, on the faces of the men, the children litem all. Don’t you see the anger growing on your man’s face every day, don’t you find it harder and harder to feed and clothe the kids, God pity them. Aren’t you weary of dirt and poverty and sickness and unem- ployment... shabby clothes and no clothes at all. Fear of this and fear of that and the wolf always only a few yards from the door .Can you find a house fit to live in without paying an enormous rent to some rich landlord who doesn’t care for us poor people. Don’t you see how ^ri^ible times are for the poor. We want to live and be honest, but we can’t. It’s all wrong and it must end. It will end, there’ll be a revo- lution, that’s what’s coming. De- pend upon it and that right soon if things ron’t change”. “I’m tired of poverty, I’m tired of himself out of work and I’m tired living in rickerty shacks, not fit for tramps and I’m tired look- ing at rickety children and every decent woman I talk to is as sick of it as I am”. The woman uttering these senti- ments was not a Bolshevist, an an- archist nor a socialist. She probably wouddn’t read any of the literature that was put into her hands, she was just the ordinary type of work- ing man’s wife, oppressed, sorely tried and at the moment as she ex- pressed it, “tired and sick of life”, but she was more.... she had pass- ed through the firct process in the making of a revolution. She had ceased to pray to weap, to endure patiently. She was bitter against society, politicians and the big men. She was questioning the worth of the present system , sensible of a great wrong to herself and family and uttering a conscious protest, desirous of a radical change. The next step will be shorter, she cannot stand still. She will convert many to her way of thinking with- out knowing it. Her direct simply statements and facts will sink deep and take root and bring forth fruit one day she will find out the cau- ses for her suffering, then will come determine, ledentless and con- scious action. Thousands of moth- ers ,good and worthy women such as she will rise up in righteous indi- gnation and bring to account those responsible for their misery and the human chaos now mocking civiliza- tion and Christianity. This is the stuff out of which re- volutions are made while our states- men blunder along asleep, deaf and blind to realities. * ♦ * I 4* ♦ 4* 4 4* ♦ * 4 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ I# 4i 4. 4. 4. ♦ 4. 4» 4* 4« -«► 4* 4* 4» 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* ♦ 4» ♦ 4* 4» 4* 4* 4* ♦ 4 PERRIN FRERES & CIE j i 4 PERRIN’S GLOVES KAYSER SILK GLOVES RADIUM HOSIERY *#*%■*#*■»*■»*% London. — According to the “Econ- omist”, the national debt of Great Britain has risen from £710,500,000 (about $3, 600, 000:, 1)00;) on August 1st, 1914 to £7,491,400,000 (over $35,- 000,000,000) in February, 1919. This fact recalls once again the famous dictum of Benjamin Franklin, “Wars are not paid for in war time; the bill comes later.” LECTURE BY MRS. ROSE HENDERSON On Sunday, April 20th, at 3.15 p.m., in Stanley Hall, Mrs. Rose Hender- son, of the Juvenile Court, will give an illustrated lecture on the tragedy of the slum. The pictures are some of those taken in the city during in- vestigation into the homes of the children who come before the Juve- nile Court, and show the bad hous- ing conditions, lack of play spaces, and the causes of juvenile and adult crime. Sommer Building 37 Mayor Street :: MONTREAL 41 ♦ 4. ♦ 4* ♦ 4* 4* 4* ♦ 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* ♦ 4* 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* 4* ♦ 4* 4* ♦ 4* 4* ♦ 4* INDUSTRIAL UNREST The Spanish labor situation goes from bad to worse. The Labor Fed- eration of Madrid has called a gen- eral strike. The railway men have stopped work in various parts of the country. The government has now taken the bold step of mobilizing all employees, who are thus called up for military duties to maintain public order. BRITISH FIGURES ON unemployment Recent figures given to the House of Commons by the Ministry of Labor show that the number of per- sons who have lodged their donation ^policies at employment exchanges because they are unemployed is 734,000, of whom 254,648 are men, 24^538 boys, 438,114 women, and 26,790 girls. In trades insured against unemployment, the largest numbers of unemployed among men were in the engineering and iron- founding (70,354), building (37,352), and shipbuilding trades (10,972), and among women in engineering and ironfounding (103,443) and in am- munition and explosives (46,837). In trades not insured the largest numbers unemployed are among gen- eral laborers and factory workers in the case of men, and among gen- eral factory workers, domestic ser- vices, the cotton industry, and dress in the case of women. 4*-*- ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* f ♦ 4* ♦ * ♦ * 4 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4 * ♦ 4* ♦ 4* 4 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4 * 4 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 » 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * -*• 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 * -*■ 4 * 4 * The Railroadmen’s Reliance For Accident and Insurance is the £ GLOBE INDEMNITY GO. OF CANADA j Head office: * 343 Dorchester Street West - - MONTREAL | Courteous Treatment and Prompt and liberal settlement of claims. * ♦ ASSETS OVER $70,000,000. + JOHN EMO, General Manager and Secretary; J. Gordon Thomp- * son, President. i 4 • S > 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* -*■ 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* -*■ 4* 4* * ♦ 4. 4. ♦ 4. 4. + 4. ♦ 4. ♦ 4. 4. ♦ 4. ♦ 4. * ♦ 4* 4* -*- 1 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* 4* ♦ 4* 4* •*- 4*- 4* THE VULCAN IRON WORKS LIMITED ♦ 4* ‘ ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ * ♦ * ♦ ♦ 4* 4 4* ♦ 4* ♦ * 4* ♦ ♦ 4* ♦ 4* WINNIPEG, Man. 4 4* ♦ 4» ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ 4* ♦ * ♦ * 4 ♦ 4* ♦ 4* 4 4* 4 4* 4 * & 4»«*..>-#-<>-#-4*-*-4i-*-i|»-*-4»-*-4 , -»-4 , -*'4*'*'4 , -*'4 , '*-4»-*-4 , -*4 , -*-4 , -*’4 , -*-4>-*-4 , -*-4 , -»'4»-*-«&-*-4' ♦ C Page 12 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER 'I'#*#*#*#***#*#*#*'#*#*'#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#,* Prairie City Oil Co., Limited ! Importers and Manufacturers of Illuminating and Lubricating OILS GREASES AND SPECIALTIES «-«♦ tt-u~n~u~n ♦»-8-8-8~8-«~8-8-8 t COOK CONSTRUCTION CO., LIMITED n ? Railway Contractors | ? 1001 McGill Building : MONTREAL w | :w:~«~8~8~8~8~8~8~8~8*8~8-8~8~8~8»8*8-8~8-8*8^8-8 * 8 -» 8 -» 8 '» 8 » 8 -» 8 -» 8 -» 8 -* 8 -» 8 -» 8 -» 8 ^ 8 -» 8 -» 8 » 8 » 8 » 8 -» 8 » 8 -» 8 -» 8 -» 8 -» 8-*8 * ? ? PURE WOOL WEAR For sale at Jaeger Stores and agencies throughout Canada. DR.JAEGER s “ i ‘* s 7 *» oB “co. limited MONTREAL WINNIPEG TORONTO ♦ TRADE MARK £ $ % | XX I City Office: 601 Somerset Building. Main 2725 | f | Works: Pine Street - - - - Tel. Garry 2704 * n l rfi ♦ 4 I WINNIPEG SI I ^t#*#***#*#*#*#***#***#*#*#.##.*#*#*#,*#*#*#*#*#*^ 8 - 8 - 8 ^ 8 » 8 ^ 8 -* 8 » 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 ^ 8 '» 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 - 8 ^ 8 » 8-8 *&* + % r *#*#*#*#*&* te*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*,#*.#,*#*,#*###.*#*#*#*,''* * — ■ Sfc MACDONALDS -PRINCE or WALES- A PLUG CHEWING TOBACCO WHICH COUNTS ITS FRIENDS BY THE THOUSANDS IDENTIFIED LIKE ALL MACDONALD BRANDS BY THE HEART-SHAPED TRADE MARK *^*^*^*^*^*^***^*ii*it*it*»*^*»*»*^*'»*ii.*'»*'»*'»*»*»**H*'»***'»*'»*^* i »*'»*it*^*ii*^*^*i(.*ie,*'»*»*i(‘*'»*'»*‘»*-»*»*^*'» THE CANADIAN RAILROADER Page 13 CANADIAN CAR & FOUNDRY CO LIMITED Transportation Building MONTREAL WORKS : AMHERST, N.S. :: MONTREAL :: FORT WILLIAM, Ont. ..^^^^a.,,^,^*^^****^*^*#***********^*#******* **H**H»**W*#*W™*#*************«*****»***i Hi P. LYALL & SONS 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* * ft ft * * ft ft 4* * ft * ft ; 'i 4* * ft LAKE SHIPPER’S Construction Company, Limited ft 4* * ft ft 4* 4* # ft 4. 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft Cleareance Association ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* * ft WINNIPEG, Manitoba ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft Capel Tilt, Pres. H. T. Swart, Vice-Pres. John Fleming, Treas. ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4- ft F. W. Young, General Manager. S. T. Smith, Secretary. ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft •*• J. A. Speers, Manager - - Fort William, Out. * ? * ft 4* * * 2U J. F. W. Young, Winnipeg, Man. OTTAWA MONTREAL TORONTO ^ T 4* ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4* * ft ft 4* 4* ft ft 4. * ft ft 4* - 4* ft ft * Directors: A. K. Godfrey, R. M. Wilvin, C. C. Fields. «►*****•*♦*♦***♦*+***•#+************************** •rage 14 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER %***********•******#*#*#*#****•#***#********•#***#•* «cs ^C Or THEQRffi V Jppk /p ')) Q^P 0 ? Ov erall s and<§HIRTS Are the Most Reliable Working Garments for Men ALL GARMENTS ARE DOUBLE-STITCHED AND CUT LARGE AND ROOMY * Sole Distributors: WELL MADE AND FINELY FINISHED R. J. WHITLA & CO. Limited, Wholesale Dry Goods, WINNIPEG — i * * 4* % * * * «L i.rnnrrnrrrrrrr ***-^**** 1 — — «.™,s 7 THE t t i Established 1901 i G. McLean Co. Limited Wholesale Grocers THE Western Elevator Com pany Limited Prompt Shipment. Lowest Prices. First Quality Goods. Elevators and Commission Merchants f /i f I WINNIPEG, Manitoba 461 Grain Exchange WINNIPEG, Man. ♦ * ^ * ♦ * ♦ * ♦ * H* * H*. .J, ^ * .*. * ^ .g, ^ .j, ^ , *"*“*^- 4 , -«‘ 4 -«- 4 -»“ 4 '^ 4 '^ 4 *'* 4 *’*- 4 .^ 4 .-»..j.^.j.^ 4 *^ 4 .-*-.|.-*- 4. ♦ 4-* 4*^4« 4, ♦ * ^ 4, Page 15 * + * * 4 * * * 4 * * 4 * 4 * FORT WILLIAM ELEVATOR Company, Limited * I WINNIPEG Operating : -%*-&*-&*%*-%*-&*-%*-&***%-*-&*-%*'******** ii ***' !i ****‘**'* : * 4 *^ 4 * ^ 4 * 4* •J? Page 16 THE CANADIAN RAILROADER / * I SMITH, MURPHY & CO. Grain Commission and Export Merchants .... 763 Grain Exchange Building WINNIPEG, Man. m * 2b -- *11 We are endeavoring to give our customers service— help us along by moving our cars promptly without delays. — : NATIONAL ELEVATOR CO. Limited * •{• ""■ — ~ ?jc *f* ^ *1* '5fi A ill '3d A »la ri J J. J,' J. .V ... -"V • -1) • 11 . 11 . 1. . ~ . __ £ L Established 1857 James Richardson & Son LIMITED Grain Commission • ••• Merchants •••• OTJR LONG EXPERIENCE IS AT YOUR SERVICE. LIBERAL ADVANCES AND QUICK RETURNS. Write or Wire Nearest Office Kingston, Toronto, Montreal, Quebec, Fort William, Winnipeg, Calgary, Saskatoon. * % # * VACUUM CLEANERS SOLD ON MONTHLY PAYMENT PLAN Phone Uptown 6990 The ROBERT MITCHELL COMPANY LIMITED 589 St. Catherine Street West, - MONTREAL * * % * * * * % * * * % * * * * * * * % * * * * % * * * * * * * * * * * * & ^?d >J*