-.,, ^>%%v,
THE GREAT
CENim MARKET
AMAGi^INE OF BUSINESS
t
f
f
f
f f
t
I I
f ^ f
I-
f f
A-
^^I)e Cf)icago Commcrtial asso^
^ ciatton aims to promote t{)e t greater iebelopment of Chicago's
\ commerce at j)ome— abroad; a su^
preme respect for lato anti orDer, I lealiins to a l)ig{)er stantiarii of
municipal cfjaracter tl^rougl) tlje t organisation of all concerneti into
an agressibe force ^^^^^^^^^^
CONTENTS— APRIL, 1906
H.F.MILLER / R. R. SHUMAN )
Managing Editors
EDITORIAL PARAGRAPHS - 33
A NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS — By Hubert F. Miller - 35
AMUSEMENTS OF CHICAGO — By Frank X. FiNNEGAN - 43
HOW CHICAGO HANDLES ITS MAIL - - - - 47
CHICAGO AND THE GREAT NORTHWEST — Bv Richard
A. Haste --------- 55
CHICAGO'S GREAT SUBWAY SYSTEM - - - - 62
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN ARMY
By Richard Henry Little ------ 65
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHICAGO - - 73
CHICAGO COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION TRIPTHROUGH
THE SOUTHWEST— By H. L. Sayler - - - 81
PUBLISHED BY
THE CHICAGO COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION
77 JACKSON BOULEVARD, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
CHICAGO COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION
OFFICERS
David R. Fokgan, President First National Bank
John W. Scott, ist Vice-President Cars<in, Pirie, Scott & Co.
Walter H. Wilson, 2nd Vice-President Waller H. Wilson & Co.
Charles A. Stevens, 3rd \'ice-Presidcnt Clias. A. Stevens & Bros.
Thomas E. Wilson, 4tli Vice-President Nelson Morris & Co.
Edwin Sherman, General Treasurer Giitlnnaiin, Carpenter & Telling
Harry A. Wheeler, General Secretary Credit Clearing House
H. C. Barlow, Executive Director. Clarence A. Cotton, Executive Secretary.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Adolphus C. Bartlett Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co.
Joseph Basch Siegel, Cooper & Co.
William B. Biddle Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Ry.
Benjamin Carpenter Geo. B. Carpenter & Co.
David V. Colbert Miller it Hart (Inc.)
Edwin S. Conway W. W. Kimball Co,
John V. Farwell, Jr John V. Farwell Co.
Richard C. Hall The Duck Brand Co.
Richard F. Howe International Harvester Co.
Samuel J. Kline B. Kuppenheimer & Co.
John G. Shedd Marshall Field & Co.
Edward M. Skinner Wilson Bros.
William E. Skinner Union Stock Yard &■ Transit Co.
Albert A. Spraguc, II Sprague, Warner & Co.
Mason B. Starring Chicago City Railway Co.
J. Edmund Strong Selz, Schwab & Co.
Nahum M. Tribou Longley, Low S: Alexander,
Frederick W. Upliam Peabody Coal Co.
T. l-'.dwanl Wilder Wilder & Company
EXECUTI\"E COMMITIT.F
Richard C. Hall, Chairman 1 he Duck Brand Co.
Benjamin Carpenter Geo. B. Carpenter & Co.
Edwin S. Conway W. W. Kimball Co.
Samuel J.Kline B. Kuppenlieimer & Co.
John W. Scott Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co.
Edwin Sherman Guthmann, Carpenter &: Telling
Edward M. Skinner Wilson Bros.
Mason B. Starring Chicago City Railway Co.
Charles A. Stevens Clias. A. Stevens it Bros.
Harry A. Wheeler Credit Clearing House
Thomas E. Wilson Nelson Morris 't Co.
Walter H. Wilson Walter H. Wilson & Co.
Frederick W. L'phani Peabody Coal Co.
12]
Classified List of Important ChicagO WholcSale
Merchants, Manufacturers, Bankers, etc.
On this and the following pages will be found a directory of the names of important wholesale and jobbing concerns in Chicago, arranged in convenient form for easy reference.
You will find this list of unusual value, whenever you want information on any line or subject on which you have not already established connections in Chicago.
Accountants
Baker-Vawter (_"o.
Harrow, Wade, Guthrie «fc Co.
.Securi'\- Au-Iit Co. of Illinois Adding Machines
The Arithinograph Co,
Felt & Tarrant Mfg. Co.
Addressing and Addressing Machines
Kaiml A'Mressing Machine Cu.
M. M. Rothschild
Trade Circular Addressiag Co.
II. yi. Van Iloe.^en. & Co. Advertising Agencies
Continental Adv. Co.
Chas, H. Fuller, Adverrising Agency
The Gunning System
Long-Critchfield Corporation
Lord & Thomas
Mahin Advertising Co.
Painter-Tohey-.Ionps Co. Advertising Novelties
The .\merican Color Repro- duction Co.
Photo Jewelry Mfg. Co. Amusements
T'le ( 'niiseum Co.
Midland Machine Co.
Sans Souci Park
White City Architects
I). H. HurulKini & Co.
llulal.ir.' A Roche Art Flowers
Botanical Decorating Co.
Carl Netschert Art Needlework Materials
T. Buottner *.t Co. Attorneys
.h'sse A. Baldwin
Ju-^iah Cratty
Defrees, Brace it Ritter
J. W. Duncan
Albert N. Eastman
Ferguson & Goodnow
Gregory. Poppenhusen »fc Mc- Nab
Gurley, Stone *fc Wood.
Chas. B. Haffenberg
John R. Harrington.
Helnier. Moulton & Whitman
Franklin B. Hus.^^ey
William J. Hynes.
John E. Kehoe
F. O. Lowden
Mann & Miller
S. F. Minzesheiraer.
Musgrave, ^"^oman & Co.
Samuel S. Page
Prtttison & Shaw
Richberg & Richberg
Scott, Bancroft, Lord iSrSteidi- ens
Henry 3. Shedd
Attorneys — Continued. Mason B. Starring Frederick P. Vose
Automobile Mfrs.
Ivniu;lit ^V- Kilbnuine.
Bakers* and Confectioners' Supplies
Hal>icht, Braun & Co.
Bank Note Engravers and Lithographers N'ortliern Bank Note Co.
Banks
American Trust it Savings
Bank Bank of Mont-eal. Bankers' National Bank Central Tru.st Co. of III. Chicago Savings Bank Colonial Trust & Savings Bank Commercial National Bank Continental National Bank Corn Exchange National Baidc Drovers' De|)osit National
Bank Federal National Bank, The First National Bank First Trust & Savings Bank Foreman Bros. Banking Co. Fort Dearborn National Bank Graham tV Sons Geenebaum -k Sons Hamilton National Bank, The Hibernian Banking Associa- tion, The Illinois Trust & Savings Bank Merchants Loan«fcTrust Co. The Metropolitan Trust & Saving
Bank Monroe National Bank Mutual Bank, The National Bank of the Republic National Live Stock Bank of
Chicago Northern Trust Company
Bank, The Prairie National Bank Royal Trust Co., State Bank of Chicago A. C. Tisdelle Union Trust Co., The Western Trust (fc 8avi r i ^^.s
Bank
Bank and Office Fixtures and School Furniture
i lie A. 11. .Vadrew> i\,.
Beds — Brass and Iron
Art Bedstead Co.
Kimball & Chappell
The Simmons Manufacturing
Co. L'nion Wire Mattress Co.
Beer Pumps
The Cleveland Taucet Co.
Bicycle and Automobile Ac- cessories
E.xcelsior Supply Co. International Automoliile &
\ehicle Tire Co. The Beckley Ralston Co.
Billiard Tables
Brunswick- Balke-CoI'enderCo. The Merle & Heaney Mfg. Co.
Bill Posting
Amt-tican Posting Service
Board of Trade
Armour < Jrain ( 'o.
Bartlett. Frazier & Carringfon
James Bradley
Boyd, Lunham <k Co.
H. H. Carr & Co.
The Ellswor'.h & Cross Co.
Hately Bros.
C. Furness Hately
Logan & Bryan
W. R. Merritt & Co.
Northrup Commission Co.
Peavey Grain Co.
H. W. Rogers & Bro.s.
Ro.senbaum Bros.
J. Rosenbanni Grain Co.
Rumsey & Co.
J. C. Shaffer & Co.
William S. Warren
T. E. Wells & Co.
A. J. White .V Co.
Boilers, Radiators, etc.
-American Radiator Co. Heine Safety Boiler Co. Kellogg Mackay Cameron Co. John Mohr «t .Sons
Bonnet Frames
Stadecker A: l^msheimer Bookbinders* Supplies
Ciiatuplin ^V; Srnitli Gane Bros. & Co. Slade, Hipp & Meloy
Booksellers and Stationers
\. C. M<('lurj,r ^1^- (',,.
Boots and Shoes
Bradley Sh,..e C:. Continent Shoe Co.. The H. F. C. Dovenmuehio &. Son Edwards-Stanwood Shoe Co. Florsheim it Co. Guthmanu, Carpenter & Tell- ing
Ilansell-Stevens Shoe Co. Harper & Kirschten Shoe Co. J. P. Hartray Shoe Co. H. G. Holloway it Bro. Harry H. Lobdel! Co. C. W. Marks Shoe Co.
Boots and Shoes— Continue<i. The Pingree Co. A. A. Putnam & Son
E. P. Reed & Co. Selz, Scluvalj <t Co. Sidwell De Windt Shoe Co. Siusheimer, Bach it Co.
J. P. Smith Shoe Co. R. P. Smith ct Sons Co. Wm. Sumner Smith Smith-Wallace Shoe Co. J. E. Tilt Shoe Co. Tilt-Kenney Shoe Co. Tucker & Hagen Watson Plummer Shoe Co. M. D. Wells Co.
Braids, Dress and Cloak Trim- mings
('. 1 . Baumit Co. A. U. I'iedler & Sons
Brass Goods
Scovill Mantifacturing Co. A. C. Dallas, Sec. Chicago Brass Co.
Brick Manufacturers
American Terra Cotta &
Ceramic Co. Chicago Brick Co. Illinois Brick Co.
Bridge and Iron Works
Chicago Bndtie .t Iron Works Frank J. Llewellyn, of the
American Bridge Co. The Scherzer Rolling Lift
Bridge Cc-.
Brokers — Custom House
George \V. Slieldon it Co.
Brokers — Stocks and Bonds
Alfred L. I.iaker it Co. Benjamin R. Calm W. H. Co!vin&Co. Devitt, Tremble it Co. A. C.Frost it Co. Granger Farwell & Co. King it Hodenpyl Co. Lee, Higginson it Co. McDonald. M.Coy & Co.
F. R. McMuUin Russell. Brewster it Co. Trowbridge & Niver Co.
Bonds, etc.
American Reserve Bond Co.
Building Paper and Coal Tar
Baiictl -Manufacturing Co. Western Roofing *.t Supply Co. Ford Mfg. Co.
Butchers' Supplies
S. Uppenhcimer it Co.
Buttons
Rubens, Charles tt Co.
Can Manufacturers
AliKTituii C;iM ('(J.
Car Curtains, Etc.
Ttie Curtaui Supply Co.
Carbon Paper, etc.
A. L. Lilieiitlinl .»;: Co.
Carpets and Rugs
U. W. KicliJir.l.son & Co. Jos. Wild & Co.
Carriages. Hearses, etc.
.I:iin
< 'iiiiiiiiij^liiiin. Son &
fcJtaver Carriage Co.
Carriers — Cash and Package
Air Line Carrier Co.
CelliUold
The Celluloid Co.
Cement
t-'liirago Porthiml Cement Co. Marquette C'ement Mfg. Co. MeaL-haui & Wright Co.
Chairs and Settees
Triink .1. Humes Jolin A. Dunn Co. The Ford & Johnson Co.
Chemists — Manufacturing
Parke. Uavis \ Co,
Shari> A Dnhiue
DearbornDrug&ChemicalWks.
Chewing Gum
Wni Writ^ley Jr. & Co. Zi'iiii Manufai't uring Co.
Children's Carriages
Kinley Maniifarl iiring Cu.
Children's Wear Manufactur- ers
Shonincer Hros. Manufactur- ing Co. ShoninEer, Heinsheimer Mfg. Co.
China and Glassware
All.ert Tick .V Co.
Cigars ^Wholesale)
LilltenfeM Hros. & (7o. J. and B, Moos
A. Santaella & Co.
Cloaks
Reifeld. Hirsrh .t Kline Chicago Novelty Cloak Co. Henry Gattnian & Co, Ivlward B. (trussman & Co. L. lieilprin Sc C(». I'errival B. Palmer A: Co. I'\ Siegel & Bros. White.iide, Karrell A Co.
Cloth Sample Binding
Clncuj^u Sample Co.
Clothing
('ahn. Block Co.
Hirticli. Wiekwire & Co.
Charles Kaufman &, Bros.
Kling Bros. & Co.
Hart, Schaffner & Marx
Kohn Hros.
Kuh. Nathan & Fischer Co.
B. Kuppenheimer A Co. Leopold, Solomon A Eisen-
drath L. Loewenstein *fe Sons John G. Miller & Co. W. S. Peck & Co. RosenwaUl Ji Weil
Clothing— Boys'
Becker, Mayer A Co. Ederheimer. Stein & Co. David M. Pfaelzer A Co. Daube, Cohn & Co.
Clothing -Boys* — Conunued. Mefter. Livingston A Co. Spitz & Schoeiii»erg Bros. Strousa, Eisendratli A Co. Well, Pllaiiiu .V Cm.
Clothing (Butchers' Frocks
and Coats)
Over.lier .Mfg. Co. Coal
Crerar, Clinch & Co.
Dering Coal Co.
Glolie Coal Co.
V. G. Hartwell Co.
E. L. Iledstrom A Co.
Peabody Coal Co.
S. C. Schenck
Standard Washed Coal Co.
Weaver Coal A Coke Co. Cold Storage
Chicago Cold Storage Ware- house Co.
Western Cold Storage Co.
Collectors
-M<Ilvaiiie .\<ljusf merit Co. Commercial Agencies
]ira<lstreet's CreiJit Clearing House R. (;. Dun A Co. l-.umbermen's Credit Associa- tion
Commercial Paper
A. (i. Herker A Co. Geo. M. Burr A Co. Hathaway A Co. H. B. Lusch A Co. Merrill, Cox A Co.
Condensed Milk
l{nr.len\s Con.lensed Milk Co.
Confectioners
Alict^rel ti Chocolate Cream Co.
C. F. Gunther
Huj Icr's
Kehoe A Company
John M. Kranz
M. Shields A Co.
Consulting Engineer
Juhri M. Kwen
Contractors
Cliicago Engineering A Con- structing Co. James O. Heyworth
Cooperage
Pioneer CoO[ierage Co. Corsets
( Jage-Downs Co. Kabo C(.)rset Co. 1. Newman A Sons R. A G. Corset Co. Weingarten liros. Inc.
Crockery and Glassware
Hurley A Tyrrell Falker A Stern Co. Kawin A Co. I^itkin A Brooks
Cutlery
.Vnierican Cutlery Co. Dairy Supplies
Beatrice Creamery Co. Creamery Package Mfg. Co.
.•^r urges A Burn Maimfactur- ing {•<..
Dental Supplies
I rmk vV Young < ""
Drapery, Trimmings and Em- broideries
1. 1. Mansure C,.,
Dress Furnishings
Charlt..!! Silk Co. H. W. Gossard Co.
Drugs
Fuller A Fuller Co. Humiston-Iveeling Co. .Morrisson, I*luninier A Co. I'eter \'an Schaack A Sons Dry Goods
Holiemian Importing Co. Carson. Pirie, Scoti A Co. Eisinger. Dessauer A Co. J. \'. FarwellCo. Marshall Field A Co. Lederer Bros. A Co. John C. Michael A Oakes T, A. Shaw A Co.
Dry Goods and Jewelry Novel- ties
J. Floersheim & Co. Kunstadter Bros. Morris, Mann A Reilly
Electrical Engineers
H. M. HyllesbyA Co. I^uhler Hn.>.
Electrical Supplies and Elec- trical Contractors
American I'^leetric Fuse Co. ■American Electrical Novell v
A Mfg. Co. American Electrical Supply
Co. American Electrical Works M. B. Austin A Co. The Bryant Electric Co. Central Electric Co. Chicago Edison Co. Chicago Electric Protective
Co. Chicago Fuse Wire A Mann
facturing Co. Dearborn Electric Co. Electric Appliance Co. Ernest Freeman Co. Thomas G. Grier Co. Gregory Electric Co. Guarantee Electric Co. Harvard Electric Co. Illinois Electric Co. J. E. Lang Electric Co., The Manhattan Electrical Supply
Co. Monarch Electric A Wire Co. Moon Manufacturing Co., The Porter A Berg Roth Bros. A Co. George S. Searing
B. E. Sunny Western Electric Co.
Embroidery
< iar.li-ii City Embroidery W..rks
Enamel Ware — Nickel. Agate Steel, Iron, Tin, Etc. Lalance A (irosjean
Engineering Test Bureau
ijol.rrt W Hum A C.
Engineers and Contractors
Mad l.inaM EuL^i nee ring Co.
Engines and Boilers
Arne- Inn, Works
Engravers and Electrotypers
.\tnerican Colorlj'pe Co.
Barnes-Crosby Co.
Franklin Co., The
Osgood Co.
West Engraving A Color- tyiH; Co.
Western Bank Note ami En- graving Co.
C. P. Zacher A Co.
Envelopes
.1. H. Batterman A Co. Bourke-Rice Envelope Co. Chicago Envelope Co.
Envelopes- Continued.
it. 11. Hoyler A Co.
Sewell-Clarn* Manufa<-Iuring Co.
Exposition Buildings
1 In- 1 iiriiiiure 1 Exhibitions Co. .Manufacturers' Exhibition Bldg. Co.
Express Companies
Adams Lxprcss Co.
American Express Co.
Brinks Chicago City Express Co.
C. B. Cooper. Geul. Agt. N. Pacific Co. and National Ex- press Co.
Cnited States Express Co.
Wells I'argo A Co.
Eye Remedy
Murine I^ve Ketnedy Co.
Fancy Goods and Notions
Worm- A- Loeb
Farm Implements
Internatiotial Harvester Co.
Farm Loans
Pearsons Taft Land Credit Co.
Feathers
Cliarles
Emmerich A Ci
Ftreprooflng Material
Illinois Terra Ctiiia Lunil>erCo, National Fireproofing Co.
Fish Dealers
A. Booth A Co.
Fixtures Store and Window
<'liav Hn.iarh A Son> Curtis Leger I'lxture ((». Great Western Fixture Works
Flour
Pillshurv- Washburn Flour Mills Co.
Founders and Machinists
1 rancis A Nygren Foundry Co Webster Manufacturing Co. Western loundry Co. Whiting Foundry A Equip- ment Co.
Fruits
Earl Fruit Co. Garibaldi A Cuneo
E. L. Hasler Co.
F. Newhall A Sons
Furnaces
E.xcetsior Steel Furnace Co. Quaker Mfg. Co. Robinson Furnace Co. Chas. Smith Co.
Furniture
li.v»..od Bros. A Wakefield
Co.
S. Karjien A Bros. Keteliam A Rothschild National Parlor Furniture Co. The M. L. Nelson Co. Peck A Hills Furniture Co.
Furniture — Flxtiu^s. Store and Office
A H. Revell A Co.
Furniture — Hardware
I'he Seng Co.
Garters
A Slein A (■(..
General Merchandise Butler Brothers Samuel Gans A Co. Lyon Bros.
Glass, etc.
Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. U. W. Bottlers' Supply Co.
Gloves
r>igt;les & Gordon
The Joseph N. Eisendrath Co.
C. D. Osborn & Co.
Grocers
Diir:ind & Kasper Co. W. M. Hoyt Co. Franklin MacVeagh & Co. McNeil *fc Higgins Co. Reid, Murdoek & Co. Sprague. Warner & Co. Steele, Wedeles Co. Walsh. Boyle & Co.
Guaranty
Anicricaii (.luaranty Co.
Gunpowder
.i-^tiia Powder Co. American Powder Mills E. I. DuPont Co. Gutta-Percha and Rubber
< iiitta-Percha tt KubberManu- fiiitiiring Co.
Hair Goods
William R Strehl & Co.
Hardware — Guns, Sporting Goods, Bicycles, etc.
Bullard & Gorniley Co.
The Cassaily, Fairbank Manu- facturing Co.
T. H. Cranston & Co,
Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co.
Orr & Lockett Hardware Co.
Trout Hardware Co.
Wells & Nellegar Co.
Hardware — Heavy
Kelley, Mautii ifcCo. E. D. Kimball & Co.
Harness
L. Kiper & Sons A. Ortmayer & Son
Hats. Caps, Gloves and Furs
Bush Hat Co.
M. Gimbel & Sons
Keith Bros & Co.
Longley, Low & .\lexander
Parrotte, Beala & Co.
Sweet-Dempster Co.
Geo. H. Taylor Co.
Hides. Tallow, Etc.
Ashland Leather Co. Bolles & Rodgers. H. p:ikan & Co. John Miller & Co.
Hotels
Auflitorium
Hriggs Hotel Co.
Grand Pacific Hotel Co.
Great Northern Hotel Co.
Hannah & Hogg I-^uropean Hotel Co.
Hotel Bismarck Co.
Hotel Grace
Kaiserhof Hotel & Restaurant
Lexington Hotel Co.
McCoy's Hotel
Majestic Hotel
Morrison Hotel
New Southern Hotel Co.
Oxford Hotel
Palmer House
Saratoga Hotel and Restau- rant Co.
Sherman House Hotel Co.
Stratford Hotel Co.
Union Hotel & Restaurant Co
Victoria Hotel Co.
Hotels — C'ontinued. \'irginia Hotel Wellington Hotel Windsor-Clifton Hotel Co.
Inks
L. H. Thomas Co. Signiund I'llfnaii Co.
Infants' Shirt Manufacturers Rubens *fc Marble
Insurance (Fire- N. J. Bennett R. D. Bokum
Burrows. Marsh it McLennan Cofran <t Dug'in Conkling. Price & Webb Critchell. Miller, Whitney &
Barbour Fleet woo. I & Pellet R. W. Hosmer & Co. Fred S. James & Co. Klee, Rogers & Corry Loeb, Adolph & Son Montgomery & Funkhouser Moore. Case, Lyman & Herrick Sun Insurance Co. Robert G. Tennant Traders' Insurance Co. of Chi- cago Waller, Chandler & Grey
Insurance (Life)
Chicago liife Insurance Co. Federal Life Insurance Co. Illinois Commercial Men's
Assn. Illinois Life Ins. Co. National Life Insurance Co. Northwestern Mutual Life In- surance Co.
Iron and Steel
VUis-Chalmers Co. A. M. Castle & Co. R. M. Cherrie & Co. (Inc.) Illinois Steel Co. Iroquois Iron Co. Jones tt Laughlin Steel Co. Republic Iron & Steel Co. Joseph T. Ryerson & Son Scully Steel & Iron Co. The Winslow Bros. Co.
Iron and Wire Works
F. P. Smith Wire & Iron Works
Jewelers
Benjamin Allen & Co. .\lbert C. Becken Desprcs, Bridges & Noel Felsenthal Bros. & Co. M. S. Fleishman Co. H. F. Hahn & Co. Hamilton & Hamilton, Jr. L. Heller & Co. Juergens & Anderson Co. C. H. Knights & Co. Lapp & Flershem Lebolt it Co.
F. H. Noble & Co.
B. F. N'orris. Alister & Co.
G. A. SodenctCo. Sproehnie tV Co. Stein & Ellbogen Co. Stone Bros.
Otto Young & Co. A. K. Ziehnie & Co. Jewelers' Supplies Swart, hild ^ Co.
Jewelry Cases & Paper Boxes
A. D. Shovip
Kid Gloves — Ladles'
Franci.'i T. Simmons & ('o.
Labels and Show Cards
K. J. Kntrcdge A Co.
Lanterns
Warren McArthnr
Lasts. Dies, and Patterns
Chi.ago La-t A: Di'- C<i. George H. Van Pelt
Lead Pipe
Raymond Lead Co.
Leather
Amerif^an Hide & Leather Co American Oak Leather Co. B. D. Eisendrath Tanning Co. Eisendrath, Schwab & Co. Grey. Clark & Engle W. R. Hunt (fe Co. Henry Kleine (t Co. Kullman, Salz & Co Wilham W. Reid A. B. Sawyer United States Leather Co. Wilder & Company
Leather Belting
Chicago Belting Co. Jewel Belting Co. Maloney-Bennett Belting Co.
Leather Goods
Lanz. Heni;ie & Co. Lanz, Owen it Co.
Linoleums and Oil Cloths
"^arr & Bailey Manufacturing Co.
Lithographers
HiMtniann Lithograph Co. Sherwood Lithograph Co.
Live Stock Cars
Street's Western Stable Car Lines
Live Stock Commission
Clay, Robinson A: Co. Evans. Snyder, Buel Co. Mallory Commi."*sion Co. Rosenbaum Bros. & Co. M. H. Tichenor & Co. George B. Van Norman & Co Wood Bros. Lumber
Francis Beidler & Co. Cotton Belt Lumber Co. Frank Creelman Frank M. Creelman P. G. Dodge Lumber Co. John A. Ganger S: Co. Hayden & Lombard Herman H. Hettler Lumber
Co. Edward Hines Lumber Co. Geo. H. Holt William T. Joyce The Lord & Bushnell Co. The Marsh & Bingham Co. Chas. H Mears & Co. Paepcke-Leicht Lumber Co. C. A. Paltzer Lumber Co. Rathborne-Hair ^t Ridgway
Co. Schuitz Bros. & BeneiUct John Spry Lumber Co. C. H. Worcester & Co.
Luxf er Prisms
American Luxfer Prism Co.
Machinery
.\ustin Mfg. Co.
Chas. Besley & Co.
Gallaher & Speck
The Goodman Manufacturing Co.
Link Belt Machinery Co.
Marshall & Huschart Machin- ery Co.
Sinclair Laundry Machinery Co.
Troy Laundry Machinery Co.
Machinists Supplies Samuel Harris & Co.
Mantsls and Tiles William H. Hoops
Mattress Manufacturers
Charles .\. Fisher *t Co. Schultz & Hlrsfh Co. Stearns it Foster Co.
Medical & Surgical Supplies Manufacturers
Bauer .t Black
Men's Furnishing Goods
Blum Bros. Carter & Holmes Cutter & Crossette Hart Bros. Kahn Bros. & Co. Simon Bros. Thomas &: Hayden Wilson Bros.
Metals, Metal Lath, etc. .luhus R. Kalin & Co. Northwestern Expanded Metal Co.
Mill. Railroad, and Vessel Supplies
Geo. B. Carpenter & Co. H. Channon Co.
Millinery
1 lieo. .\scher Co.
Brydon Trinamed Hat Co.
Chicago Mercantile Co.
E. Eiger & Bros.
D. B. Fisk <fc Co.
Gage Bros. & Co.
Importers' & Manufacturers'
Millinery Co. Keith. Edson & Co. Leyser, Green & Co. Raike, Lippert & Co. Henry M. Rich & Co. Spiegel Bros. George Wagner Weiskopf & Co.
Mimeographs
A. B. Dick ^ Co.
Mineral Water
Hinckley & Schmitt
Music and Musical Instru- ments
Lyun & Healy
The William Tonk & Bro. Co.
Nails. Tacks, etc.
Gra[id (.'rossiug Tack Co.
Neckwear
l.tsenstaedt Bros.
Newspapers
Chicago American Chicago Chronicle Co. Chicago Daily News Co. Chicago Evening Post Chicago Inter-Ocean Chicago Record-Herald Chicago Tribune
Notions
Thos. Piser & Gutkowsky N. Shure Co.
Office Supplies
Ainberg File & Index Co. Jjibrary Bureau .Macev-Wernicke Co.. Ltd. The Shaw-Walker Co.
Oil
Geo. R. Jenkins Co. Standard Oil Co.
Optical Goods
AliatT L'co Geneva 0|jtii:il Co.
Opticians (Wtaolesale) 1'. A. Hardy i Co.
Overgaltrrs and Leggings
Ci.liiriiliiu UvLT(!:iitcr .V Li-c- Kiii« Cm.
Packers
Armour tt Co.
Libby, McNeill i- Lihby
Miller & Hart. Inc.
Nel.son Morri.>* & Co.
National Packing Co.
Nortli American Provision Co.
Schwarzschild & Snlzberger
Swift * Co.
Geo. Duddleston
Paints and Colors
Hradlcy & \ rinmuiii Heath & .Milligan .Mfg. Co. Benj. Moore tt Co., Inc. Wadsworth Howland Co. Geo. E. Wat.son & Co.
Paper
Bcrriiiiigliam vt Seaman Co. Uradncr Smith A: Co. J. \V. Butler Paper Co. K. J. Cacly Co. Chicago Paper Co. Dearborn Paper Co. Dwight Hros. Paper Co. HoUis A: Duncan Manufacturer? Paper Co. Mo.scr Pajier Co. The Paper Mills' Co. The Pitcher, Hamilton Co. I-'. C. Traver James White & Co.
Paper Bag Manufacturers
Wiicil.-r, ri>licr & Co.
Paper Box Manufacturers
C. .1. Lawrence Co.
The J. W. Scfton .Mfg. Co.
C. F. Wolff >t Sons
Parlor Suit Frames
11. Z. .\lallcn A Co.
Phonographs
CuUmil'i;! Phonograph Co,
Petticoats
.Sterne .V: Klein
Pianos and Organs
Geo. P. Bent The Cable Company W. W. Kimball Co. Newman Bros, & Co, Price & Teeple Piano Co. Thompson Piano Co.
Piano Stools & Scarfs
•IV.nk MIL', Co.
Pickles, etc
II. .1. Heinz * Co.
Pictures, Frames & Mouldings The A, r. Kern I'... A. S. Klein Co.
Fig Iron, Coke, etc,
Hickman, Williams it Co. Rogers. Brown iV Co.
Plumbers' and Steamfltters' Supplies
Jas. li. Clow & .Sons The .lohn Davis Co, I.. \\"ol(T Manufacturing Co.
Pneumatic Tools
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.
Poultry and Game
Tiionia- ( I'llcMiri .V: Co.
Premium Goods
Kaw in iV ( '"'.
Pressed Brick
■nlo^. .M.HlMu.g Co.
Printers, Binders, Etc.
Barrett Bindery Co. Bitmer-Wells Co. The Blakdy Printing Co. S. D. Childs Co. Continental Colortyi)e Co, R. R. Doimclley A Sons Co. M. A. Donohiie & Co. W. P. Dunn Co. Garner-Taylor Press Co. W. V. Hall Printing Co, The Ilennebcrry Co. Jacobs it Holmes Johnston Printing Co. Robert (). Law Co, Marsh, Aitken & Curtis Co, C. H. Morgan & Co. Mum"oe A: Southworth National Printitig ami I-'.n-
graving Co. P. r. Pettibone & Co. Poole Bros. RaTid. .McNally & Co. Regan Prirding House Rogers A- Co. Rogers & Hall Co. Rosenow Co. Toby Hubovits II. L. Ruggles * Co. Shattock tt McKay Ilenr.\' (). .Shejiard Co. Shea. South >^: Co. Stearns Bros. iV Co. Western Ncwsjiaper Union
Printing Machines
-McrL'ctdhaler Linot.vpe Co.
Printers' Rollers
Sainiul Ihrighain's .Sons Mfg. to.
Produce Commission James R. Baker & Co. A. II. Barber i<: Co. Coytie Bros. Deming & Gould Co. Deiuie.v A Co. KiTierson, Marlow <t Co, Gallagher Bros, Geo. W. Linn iS: Son C. F. Love & Co. Merrill A Kldridge The Ceo. Middemlorf Co. Albert Miller & Co. Waller J. Mooney Co, W. S. Mo.>re & Co. G. ,M II. Wagner iV: Sims Wayne A l,(.w C. II. Weaver vl; Co.
Publishers
Aiiicrican .\rtisan *t Hardware
Record .\nu'rican Lumberman Callaghan iV: Co. Chicago Director.v Co. Dry Goods Reporter Co. lOlcctrician Publishing Co, Hatliwell iS; Banm Co, I). C. Heath A Co. Illinois Publishing Co. Jacobsen Publishing Co. Lairil & Lee A. N, Marquis it Co, Open Court Pub. Co. The Traile Periodical Co. The World To-day Co.
Publishers and Booksellers
Sr.ill. ! orc-rnaii .V f-..
Publishers -Manufacturing
W. 11. Colik.v ( ...
Pumps and Supplies
ll.-i,i.,n .V ll.il.l.cll
Railroads
.\irloson, Topcka A .Santa Fe Ky.
Baltimore & Ohio R. R.
Chicago, Burlington A: liuinc.v R. R.
Chicago tS: .\lton R. R.
('hicago Great Western Ry,
Chicago, Imiianapolis A; Louis- ville Ry. Co.
Chicago Terminal Transfer U. R. Co.
Chicago & Western Rail- way Co.
C., M. & St. Paul Ry. Co.
C. R. I. & P. R. R. Co.
C. & E. I. R. R.
C. & N. W, Ry.
C.,C.,C. &St. L. R. R.
Elgin. Jolict A Eastern Ry. t-'o.
Erie Railway Co.
1. C. R. R. Co.
Illinois. Iowa A .Minn. Ry. Co
Illinois Northern Ry.
L. S. & M. S. ii. R. Co.
Michigan ('entral Ry.
Pennsylvania Lines, West of Pittsburg
Pere .Marquette R. R. Co.
Wabash R. R
Wisconsin Central R.v. Co.
Railroad Supplies
Ayer & Lord lie Co. Chicago Raihvav Ivpiipment
Co. Crerar, .Vdams A Co. Griflin Wheel Co. A. S. Little'fiel.'l Pettibone, Mulliken & Co,
Real Estate
R'.l.'. .1, Bassett East Chicago
Co. Bowes Investment Co. Br.van Lathrop I'. W. McKinney S B. .Mills & Co. E. G. Pauling Peabody-Houghteling Co, S, M. Pearman A Co. Charles D. Richards Geo. \V. Stewart. II. <>. Stone & Co. D. W. .Storrs Jas. H. Van Vlissingen, F^dward C Waller Lueian M. Williams. Walter II. Wilson & Co.
Refiners and Assayers
i;..l.l-niilh lir..s.
Refrigerating Machines
The I'rc.l \V. \\..lf C...
Restaurants
Cafe Brancr
Dc.lolighe
KuntK, Remmlcr & Co.
II. A. Sidder Co.
Rector's
John R. Thompson
N'ogclsang's Rcstaur.ant
Room Mouldings
The J,,hn>..n .V 1.
.■k C.i
RooOng ti Tinners' Supplies
Jame< C Woo.lley & Co
Rubber Clothing, Rubbers, etc.
Banigan Rubber Co. Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co Chicago Rubber .Shoe Co. The Duck Brand Co. Mechanical Rubber Co. Morgan «fc Wright Revere Rubber Co. Standard Rubber Shoe Co. United States Rubber Co.
Sample Books and Cards
i;. I). SI. (;c..^^c Mf^. f,,.
Sashes, Doors, etc.
The Ka.lfur.l Sash & Door Co.
Saws and Knives
Simon. Is .\lfg. C...
Scales, etc,
I'airlialdis, .Morse it Co. Moneyweight .Scale Co. Schools
The Sheldon Scho,,!
Seeds, Plants, and Bulbs The .\lbert Dickinson Co. The Goodwin-H.arries Co. \'aughari's .Seed .Store
Sewing Machines
I'nion S|)ccial .M.achine Co. Wheeler A Wilson .Mfg. Co.
Shade Rollers
.'^lewart Hart>liorn Co. Shirt Manufacturers
C.ihunbus Shirt Co. Shirtwaist Manufacturers
Ci.Ulilc-s Waisl C. I'lsher it .Swawite Gory & Heller Hugo, Du Brock it Co. Opuznauer it Lipman
Shirts, Collars, etc.
Clnett. Peabody & Co. Corliss, Coon it Co. H. C Curtis it Co, Geo. P Ide & Co. International Shirt and Collar
Co. Cnited Shirt ami Collar Co.
Show Cases and Mirrors
Chas. Bodach it .Sons
Silks
.\merican Silk Co. Oscar Ileineuian
Silk and Satin Manufacturers Belding Bros, .t Co. Cheney Brothers. N'onotuck .Silk Co. Richardson Silk Co, Win. .Skinner -Mfg. Co.
Silverware
Gorham .Mfg. Co.
.\. L. Sercomb Co.
R. Wallace it Sons Mfg. Co.
Skirt Manufacturers
Sehwarl/ .V Kline
Soap Manufacturers
The N. K. I"airbnnk Co. HotTlieimer Soait Co. James S. KirU it Co.
Soda Fountain Apparatus L. A. Becker .t Co. Liquid Carbonic Co.
Spices, Coffee, Etc.
Shcrcr 1 liilclt Co.
Ttiomi'son it Taylor .Spice Co.
Sporting Goods
Chicago Sjiortiiig Goods .\Ifg.
Co. .\. G. Spalding it Bros.
Spring Beds
HagKaiil 1^ Marcusscn
Stamped Linens
1\ \c>L'el \- Sons.
Steamship and Steamboat Lines
Anchor Line H. Claussenius «& Co. Goodrich Transportation Co. Manitou Steamship Co. Michigan Steamship Co.
Steel Shafting
Blis.s & Laughlin, Inc.
Stock Yards
riiiciii stock Yard & Transit Co.
Stone
The Bedforil Quarries Co. Dolese & Shepard Co.
Store Shelving
J. D Warren Mfg. Co.
Stoves, Ranges, etc.
The Chicago Stoves Works Cleorge M. Chirk & Co., of
the -\mericaii Stove Co. Cribben & Sexton Co. Detroit Stove Works Home Stove Works Micliigan Stove Co. W. J. WhifTen care of Tlie
Veninsnlar stove Co.
Street Eallways
Chicago City Railway Co.
General Electric Railway Co.
Chicaco & Oak Park Elevated Railway Co
Metropolitan We.st Side Ele- vated Railway Co,
Northwestern Elevated Ry Co.
Sugars, etc.
Wm. A. Havemever & Co. H. \V. Small & Co.
Strawboard
American .Straw Uoard Co.
Surgical Instruments Trua\. Greene & Co.
Suspenders
Graft Suspender Co.
Switchboards
Kellogg Switchboard & Sup- ply Co.
Tags and Labels
DcnTii-ion Mfg. Co.
The Tablet & Ticket Co.
Tailors to the Trade
.\. 1-;. .Vnderson A Co"
.M. Born tt Co.
The Chicago Tailoring Co.
Fred Kauffman
Lamm & Co.
Ed. V. Price & Co.
Edn . Rose & Co.
The Royal Tailors
W. D. Schmidt i Co.
Strauss Bros.
Sturm. Mayer & Co.
Ullman & Co
Tailors' Trimmings
.7. L. B..I... .V lo. Ci.nnner. Junes ».^: Co.
Tanners
Lake Tanning Co.
Pfister & Vogel Leather Cu.
Schoellkopf & Co
Teachers' Agency
C. J. Albert
Teaming and Transfer Com- panies
Brink's Chicago City l.xpiess Co.
M. J Conley
Arthur Dixon Transfer Co.
Dunston's Chicago City Ex- press ('o.
.\. M. Forbes Cartage Co.
Garrity Teaming Co.
Richard Guthmann Transfer Co.
Hebard Express & Van Co.
F. Landon
Jlix & Jackson Transfer Co.
John J. O' Heron
C. O. Olson Cartage Co.
Frank Parmelee Transfer Co.
N. F Ratty
Richley & Troyer
J. D. Schafler
Frank E Scott Transfer
Jos. Stoikt.on Co
Taft Bros
Weintz Express & Transfer Co.
Wenig Teaming Co.
J C Zypprieh Teaming Co
Teas and CoHees
Cha-se * Sanborn W. F. Laughlin & Co. Thos J Lipton
Telephone Manufacturers
Bair'l Manufacturing Co. Swedish-.'^nierican Telephone Co.
Time Recorders
.1. H. Wilson & Co.
Trunks
P Becker & Co Fitzgerald Trunk Co. The Hartmann Trunk Co C A. Taylor Trunk Works Chas. T. Wilt
Tunnols and Underground Transportitoin
Illinois Tunnel Co.
Typefounders
Barnhart Bros & Spindler .\ D Farmer & Sons Type- Fouiidr.v Co.
Type Supplies
Carter & Allen Co.
Typewriters
Tax Typewriter Co. The Monarch Typewriter Co. Oliver Typewriter Co. Remington Typewriter Co. Underwood Typewriter Co.
Umbrellas, etc.
Kreis & Hubbard
Underwear and Hosiery
.lacob Meyer .'t r,r,.s. Wurzl.nirger Bros.
Uniforms
James H Hirsch A- Co.
Upholstery Goods and Cabinet Hardware
Juhn W. Keogh ^ C... Lussky, White A- Coolidge
Valves
The Crane Co.
Varnish
Chicago Varnish Co. Murphy Varnish Co. Standard Varnish Works
Varnish, Shellacs, etc.
.M. 1,. Barrett Co.
Ventilators
1 he .\nti-Dust A Draft Ven- tilator Co.
Wagon Manufacturers
Peter .Scliut tier Co.
Wallpaper
.\rt Wallpaper .Mills Audbert Wallpaper .Mill Henry Bosch Co Janeway & Carpenter
Wallpaper and Window Shades
S. A. Maxwell ,V Co. Fin.llcy Wall I'aper Co.
Warm Air Registers. Mfrs. rutllect Bailey Mfg. Co.
Watches
Elgin National Watch Co. II. H. IngersoU & Bro. M. A. Mead & Co. Robbins & .Appleton
Windmills
Aermotor Co.
Wire
.\merican Insulated Wire & Mfg. Co.
American Steel & Wire Co.
Belden Mfg. Co.
Chicago Insulated Wire & Mfg. Co.
John A. Roebling's Sons Co.
James Wolf, care of N. Y. In- sulated Wire Co
Workmen's Clothing Wholesale
Reliance Mfg. Co.
Woodenware
1.. Gould A Co. Samuel Cupfiles Woodenware Co.
Wool and Furs
Becker Bros, it Co.
J. Dreyfus
11. r. Thomiison & Co.
Woolens
Mullen & Co. Perry. Mueller & Co. Skinner Br..s.
Woolens and Tailors' Trim- mings Mason tt Hanson
Grand Pacific Hotel
Jackson Blvd. and Clark Street Chicago
EUROPEAN PLAN
Nearest First-Class Hotel to Whole- sale District
Gentlemen's Cafe on first floor. Ladies' and Gentlemen's Restaur- ant and Private Dining Room on second floor. Two hundred guest rooms, three-fourths of which have private baths in connection.
RATES FROM $1.50 UPWARD
Jackson Boulevard
Wabash Ave.
Chicago
European Plan
R.ates. $L50 per day- ana upward
Ladies and gentlemen 9 restaurant on ground floor.
Basement restaurant at popular prices.
Every room contains local and long distance telephones.
Special rates
during merchants
meetings.
Gage Hotel Company, Props.
Albert S. Gage, Pres't.
Direct connection with Chicago Commercial Association from 7tli floor.
200 rooms ; every room an outside room.
Rates :
$1 .50 per day and up.
Every room contains long distance and local telephone.
For reservations address
FRANK HALL
Manager
Hotel Majestic
Absolutely Fireproof
Telephone, Harrison 3200
Quincy Street, Between State and Dearborn
Chicago
Illinois
Con^xress Hotel Company
OPER.\TING
AUDITORIUM HOTEL
AUDITORIUM ANNEX
CONGRESS APARTMENT BUILDING
''.\11 on the I.akt' I'Voiit" LARGEST AND FINE.ST FIREPKOOK 1I()TKI. IN THK WORLD
CONGRESS HOTEL COMPANY R. H. .SOL'THGATE, Prcst.
Great Northern Hotel
Jackson Blvd. Dearborn and Qiiincy Sts. ARSOLUTELY OF FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION
EUROPEAN PLAN
Rates SL.iil I'er IXiy .itkI Upwards
GREAT NORTHERN HOTEL
JOILN C. ROTH, Res. Manager
/-•■
'MsM.
The First National Bank of Chicago
Resources, $123,000,000.00
4LThe steady permanent growth of this bank to its present proportions is significantly sug- gestive of the quality of service furnished to its thousands <it customers.
^ Conservative banks, firms and individuals de- siring an agreeable banking home are cordially invited to associate themselves with the First National Bank of Chicago, and are assured of the same courteous consideration as has been rendered to its clientele for more than forty vears.
J. B. FORGAN, President
D. R. FORGAN, Vice President
F. 0. WETMORE. Cashier
^'%:
j^
.1*-
11!'"";
(.''ilcaiio r\ictory
The Cable Company
Manufacturers of
Conover Pianos Cable Pianos
Kingsbury Pianos Wellington Pianos
Chicago Cottage Organs
The liigh merit of our productions is the result of unequalled manufacturing facilities, and our accomplished purpose to make our instruments standard in their respective classes
We employ men of the highest skill, and iiave provided eveiy facility for work of extreme precision. Every part of our |iianos, therefore, is made with an accuracv which only such conditions make possible.
The result is found in the high favor in which our pianos are held by eminent musicians and by the general public. These instruments are recognized as possessing musical qualities of excep- tionally high character, and as giving the buyer the full measure of value.
THE CABLE COMPANY
Generiil Orfices: CHICAGO
Faclories: CHICAGO and .ST. CHARLES, ILL.
"3":i:^^«*«"!: ;;:«■'" •"::';""""°"
rKMM
';:;::!-^?«!;;::::
'::i«."::::::"i.
UllM"
HUH"
111' III"
.Si. Churles Kuctory
I'll
This advertisement appears in April issue of '•Munsey's Magazine," the great medium of over 850,000 national circulation. It will help create a demand for Miller-Made Clothes and is only one of the many things we are doing for the merchants who sell Miller-Made.
Free lor the asking
asking
^ This strikingly artistic poster lithographed in eight colors. ^ 42 inches long by 17^-. inches wide. It is a most attractive decoration and \v-ill be mailed to you just by sending us your name and address.
MILLER-MADE are something more than good clothes — not alone must the fabric, trimmings and sew- ing be absolutely the best, but the perfect collar — shoulders — lapels and general contour of all Miller-Made garments are apparent to the most critical.
Not a single made-to-order point is sac- rificed and there's no waiting when you want them.
$10 to $40
TTV want to send you the name of the leading mer- chant in your locality who sells Miller-Made.
JOHN G. MILLER & COMPANY
CHICAGO
Miller-Maide
Clothes of Qualify For Men
opyright 1906.
JOHN G. MILLER & COMPANY.
Chicago
Miller-Made Princeton Sack
[11]
The Oldest
Bank
in
Chicago
Established 1857
A Record
of Nearly
50 Years as
a Safe and
Conservative
Bank
^J^m^
The Merchants' Loan and Trust Company
Moses J. Wentwukth Lambert Tree
Clarence A. Bi'rley
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Cyrus H. McCokmick Ai.hekt Keei' Kkskine M. Piii-.i.i's
Enos M Barton Thies J. Lekens E. H. Gary
E. D. Hulbert Chauncey Keei- Orson Smith
OFFICERS
Orson Smith, President K. D. Hulbert, Vice-President J. G. Orchard, Casliier
F. G. Nelson, Assistant Cashier F. N. Wilder, Assistant Casliicr I'. C. Peterson, Assistant Casliicr
Leon L. Loehr, Sec'y Trust Dept. John E. Blunt, Jr., Mgr. Bond Uept. Mgr. Foreign Exchange Dept.
Capital, Surplus and Profits, $6,500,000.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENl : BOND DEPARTMENT : FARM LOAN DEPARTMENT :
Wants of shippers receive prompt altcnlun. Buys and sells liighest grade investment bond>. Buys and sells improved larm mans.
SAVINGS DEPARTMENl : TRUST DEPARTMENT:
Pays 3% interest on Trust Funds. Sinking Funds, Reserve Funds of Churches Acts as Executor. Administrator. Trustee lor Courts,
Societies, Lodges, Business Organizations and Corporations. Corporations and Individuals.
fhis Bank has an orcanization perfected by age and experience and is equipped to transact business for customers in any part of the World. The busines.s of Importers and Exporter.s is especially invited.
The Merchants' Loan and Trust ItiilMiiiu. northwest corner .\dams and Clark Sts.. Chicago, directly opposite new Post Office
*s^
1 1-1
The National Bank
OF THE
REPUBLIC
LA SALLE AND MONROE STS., CHICAGO
This iBank consistently adheres to the ■policy of advancing the conservative 'productive and commercial interests to the exclusion ofthe;^ure- ly speculative, and on this oasis has develo'^ed a busyness with resources of over Twenty Jylil- lion TJollars, and an extensive list of connec- tions in America and foreign countries. It has the inclination as well as the ahility to give the best possible service, and it invites new business, to which it believes it has proved itself entitled.
JOHN A. LYNCH
President
R. L. CRAMPTON
Asst. Cashier
FRANK O. LOWDEN
Attorney
LOUIS F. SWIFT
President, Swift & Co.
JOHN V. FARWELL, Ji
Of J. V. Farwell Company
E. B. STRONG
Capitalist
W. T. FENTON
Vice-President
O. H. SWAN
Asst. Cashier
BOARD OF DIRECTORS F. E. VOGEL
Vice-Prest.. Siegel, Cooper & Co.
ROLLIN A. KEYES
Of Franklin Mac Veagh & Co.
CHARLES H. CONOVER
Of Hibbard. Spencer. Bartlett & Co.
HENRY SIEGEL
Prest. Simpson -Crawford Co.. N.\ ,
R. M. McKINNEY
Cashier
THOS. JANSEN
Asst. Cashier
JOHN A. LYNCH
President
J. B. GREENHUT
Capitalist, Peoria
JOHN R. MORRON
Prest., Diamond Glue Co.
H. W. HEINRICHS
Vice-President. M. D. Wells Co.
ROBERT MATHER
Presl., Tbe Rock Island Co.
W. T. FENTON
Vice-President
[13]
The Commercial National Bank of Chicago
ESTABLISHED 1864
Capital $ 2,000,000.00
Surplus and Undivided Profits - - 1,800,000.00 Deposits - 39,000,000.00
NEW HOME OF THE
COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO
TO BE BUILT AND OWNED BY
Commercial National Safe Deposit Co.
OFFICERS
JAMES H. F.CKF.LS lOSKPH r. TALBERT - KAI.PH VAN VECHTEN DAMD VERNON NA IHANIEL R. LOSCH C'.I.ORGE U. SMITH HARVEY C:. VERNON H. ERSKINE SMITH \\M T. BRUCKNER - EDGAR N. JOHNSON -
- - - President
Vice-President
Second Vice-President
Third Vice-President
C>ashier
Assistant Cashier
Assistant Cashier
Assistant Cashier
- Assistant Cashier
- - - Auditor
DIRECTORS
I RANKLIN MAC VEAGH
WILLIAM J. CHALMERS
ROBERT T. LINCOLN;
E. H. GARY PAUL MORTON
DARIIS MILLER
CHARLES E. SPALDING
JOSEPH T. TALBERT
JAMES H. ECKELS
[li
L
Right Here in Chicago
We can get you a location on both rail and v/ater- ways, with excellent switching facilities and direct service from your supply points and to your sales territory
3^^J^
Our 9000 miles of road furnish locations outside of Chicago. If interested write
Burlington
imn^
W. H. MANSS, Industrial Commissioner
209 ADAMS STREET. CHICAGO
P 124
lloj
f^'.
;, "xo.^-J
THE BEST ON EARTH
OUR SALESMEN AKL .\U\\ OL 1 Willi SAMPLES WRITE US AT ONCE AND WE WILL HAVE ONE CALL
M. D. WEM.S CO.
HICAG
Sole Wdistern Distributers
Write for Catalogue and Price List
Th(
and
American Trust Savings Bank, Chicago
Capital Surplus Profits
$5,000,000.00
Deposits, $30,000,000.00
GENERAL BANKING
Checking Accounts 3 per cent. Interest on Certificates of Deposit
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Travelers' Letters of Credit Foreign Drafts Cable Transfers
BOND DEPARTMENT
Government, State, City and Corporation Bonds Bought and Sold
TRUST DEPARTMENT
Acts as Administrator, Executor, Guardian, Conservator, Assignee, Receiver, Transfer Agent, and Registrar
SAVINGS DEPARTMENT
3 per cent, interest paid on Saving Deposits, compounded Semi-annually
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
OFFICERS
EDWIN A. POTTER T. P. PHILLIPS . JAMES R. CHAPMAN JOHN JAY ABBOTT CHARLES S. CASTLE F. J. SCHEIDENHELM
President Vice-President Vice-President Vice-President . Cashier Assistant Cashier WILSON W. LAMPERT .
OLIVER C. DECKER EDWIN L. WAGNER FRANK H. JONES . WILLL\M P. KOPF . IRVING J. SHU ART . GEORGE B. CALDWELL
Auditor
. Assistant Cashier . Assistant Cashier Secretary Assistant Secretary Assistant Secretary . Mgr. Bond Dept.
DIRECTORS
JOY MORTON, Joy Morton &.Co.
E. H. GARY, Chairman U. S. Steel Corporation
E. P. RIPLEV, Prest. Atchison T. & Santa Fe Ry.
THEODORE P. SHONTS, Chairman Isthmian Canal
Commission NORMAN B. REAM, Capitalist JOHN F. HARRIS, Harris, Scotten Co. T. P. PHILLIPS, Formerly President Federal Trust &
Savings Bank W. H. McDOEL, Pres. Chgo.. Indpls. & L. R.R.
CHARLES H. THORNE, Montgomery, E. J. BUFFINGTON, President Illinois WILLIAM KENT, Kent & Burke V. A. WATKINS, Capitalist GILBERT B. SHAW, Lumber
BENJAMIN THOMAS, Prest. Chicago
Railroad CHAS. H. DEERE, Deere & Co., Molin JAMES R. CHAPMAN, Vice-President EDWIN A. POTTER, President
Ward & Co. Steel Co.
& Western Ind. e 111.
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED
[17]
WABASH & ADAMS
MERCHANTS
If in need of a piano for your own use and our
WASHBURN PIANO
is not actively represented in your town by a regular piano dealer, write to us for catalogue and latest quotations
CHICAGO
)fl(i3riiii Tru^ft (^ Sii^nnni
CAFIITAL
11,
Tifimngiieft^ ii ^©ibk
nsii is3iin^aia(
©FFHCI
LAWEEMCIS MEILSOM Mo W@LILEM]BIS11(SEI1
lPr©sndl®iBli
V5(B®=IFir®sM®!B(i
'^a(B©=IPir®sndl®iall
Vne®=IPr®sndl®iE(l
Caislb5®r
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1-1
ar
Continental National Bank
|
C A P I |
T A |
L |
|
AND SURPLUS |
||
|
^6,000,000 |
of Chicago
Cor. Adams and La Salle Streets
DEPOSITS $55,000,000
Collections
Carefully
Made
and
Promptly
Accounted
For
■i-S,i.^^S^^!S^^ -^ ^
CONTINENTAL NATIONAL BANK BUILDING
Accounts
of
Merchants,
Banks,
and Bankers Solicited
A General Foreign Exchange Business Transacted
Travelers' Circular Letters of Credit issued, available in all parts of the World
JOHN C. BLACK r.EOKGF, M. KKVNOLDS N. I<:. BARKEK \VM.G..SCHKOEnER
Chairman
INK HdAKI) i'KKSlliKNT \'lCH-PKKSIlilN'r
Cashikh
IKA p. BOWEN BENl. S. MAYER HERMAN WALDECK JOHN MCCARTHY
Assistant Cashjkh Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier Assistant Cashier
B O A R D 0 /•" /) I R E C T O R S
lOHN C. BLACK HENRY BOTSFORn WILLL^M C. SEIPP
ChainiKin o( tho Board Packer Capitalist ALBERT J. EARLING Pres't Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R. P. A X'ALENTINE . . Vice-President Armour & Co,
F, WEYERHAEUSER, Lumberman and Fine Landowner, St. Paul EUVVAKD niNES . President Edward I lines Lumber Co,
J, OGDEN ARMOUR , , President of Armoui & Co,
FRANK HIBBARI), ol Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co,, Wholesale
Hardware GEORGE M, REYNOLDS . . , President
N, E, BARKER . , . Vice-Presideni
B, A, ECKHARr . President Eckhart & Swan Milling Co
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5P =ti
REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF
The Corn Exchange National Bank
OF CHICAGO
IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS AT THE CLOSE OF BUSINESS, JANUARY 29th, 1906
|
RESOURCES |
LIABILITIES |
|||
|
Time Loans |
$ 26,585,589.65 |
Capital |
$ 3,000,000.00 |
|
|
Demand Loans |
8,902.040.77 $35,487,630.42 |
Surplus |
2,000,000.00 |
|
|
Overdrafts |
- |
608.23 |
Undivided Profits |
1,781,437.73 |
|
United States Bonds |
- |
1,000,000.00 |
Circulation - |
497,300.00 |
|
Other Bonds |
- |
872,900.00 |
Dividends Unpaid |
1,833.00 |
|
Cash |
$10,562,241.41 |
Deposits |
53,263,142.30 |
|
|
Clearing House Cits |
2,653,271.02 |
|||
|
Due from Banlts |
9,872,061.95 |
|||
|
Due from Treas. U. S. |
95,000.00 |
23,182,574.38 $60,543,713.03 |
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|
$60,543,713.03 |
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OFFICERS |
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ERNEST A. HAMILL, President
CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON, Vice President
CHAUNCEY J. BLAIR, Vice President
D. A. MOULTON, Vice President
JOHN C. NEELY, Secretary
FRANK W. SMITH, Cashier
B. C. SAMMONS, Ass't Cashier
J. EDWARD MAASS, Ass't Cashier
DIRECTORS
CHARLES H. WACKER MARTIN A. RYERSON
CHAUNCEY J. BLAIR EDWARD B. BUTLER CHARLES H. HULBURD
CLARENCE BUCKINGHAM JOHN C. WELLING JOHN H. DWIGHT
ISAAC G. LOMBARD WATSON F. BLAIR EDWIN G. FOREMAN
CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON EDWARD A. SHEDD FREDERICK W. CROSBY
ERNEST A. HAMILL
m
ESTABLISHED 1838
A.
pBURLEY&A TYRRELL
238 and 240 Adams Street
(Center of Wholesale Dr>' Goods District)
Chicago
Pioneer Crockery House
Of the United States
We are showing a complete line of Dependable Dinner Ware from the Leading Potteries of
the world.
Our travelers are now on the road and will soon call with samples of 1906 Models and Designs
" Eureka " Shape ; English Semi-Porcelain Manufactured by Alfred Meakin, Tunstall, England
The Latest and the Best of Designs
Sold at Import, in Original Crates or Open Stock
Our Decorated Patterns
For this year are without doubt, the handsomest ever shown, the line contains a host of new treatments of surpassing beauty. Dehcate Floral Effects, traced with Gold. Rich Flown Blue, under the glaze; Green Border, gold illuminated. White and Gold.
See our line before placing your orders
We also show Complete Lines of
Table Glassware, Pressed and Blown, French and German China, American Cut Glassware
Our General Catalog "M 118" with discount sheet, mailed to Dealers Only, on application.
■/
[21J
Founded in 1851
-Opened in 1855
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
EVANSTON^ CHICAGO
An institution of higher learning closely associated with the history and development of Chicago and the Northwest
ColleKC Campus, on the Slujrc of l.akc Micliiuan
The Collese of Liberal Arts— tlic Literary and Scientific Departments— and the School of Music, arc in Evanston, on the shore of Lake Michii,'an, an ideal college conmmnity, easy of access, far enough away from the heart of the city to avoid its distracting inrtuenccs.
The Medical School is at 2421-31 Dearborn Street, Chicago, adjacent to Wefley Hospital, and inclose co- operation with Mercy Hospital.
The Law School, School of Pharmacy, and Dental School, are in Northwestern University Building, in the business center of Chicago, easily accessible from all parts of the city.
Students in all departments come into direct personal contact with the senior professors, this beirig one of the distinctive advantages in the work of the University. Tlie location of the professional schools in the lieart of Chicago secures unsurpassed court, hospital and clinical facilities.
For detailed information respecting any department, address :
The Registrar, University Hall, Evanston. Illinois
Why I. H. C. Engines Are Best
There's most every reason ; so many it takes a book to give them. We can give you a few here. Send for a catalogue ancf have them all.
FIRST OF ALL, of course, they are better than steam. Because — they are safer. Steam boiler ex- plosions happen every day, always on account of neglect. If you neglect an I. H. C. gasoline engine it doesn t explode — it stops.
A second reason, they cost much less.
Third reason, they cost less to operate.
Then you can run them yourself — power is up in a minute, shut off and all expense stopped just as quick. You see there is no end to the reasons.
But I. H. C. gasoline engines are better than other gasoline engines. Why?
To put it all in a nutshell, because they are more scientifically and better constructed than others.
They give the most power for the least amount of gasoline.
The combustion chamber exposes the least possible surface to hot gases.
The least possible amount of heat is neutralized by the cooling water, the greatest amount is applied to the work of driving the piston.
Gasoline is mixed on the OUTSIDE of I. H. C. engines and sprayed INTO the cylinder instead of being flooded in, so EVERY PARTICLE is used in power.
I. H. C. engines are not disturbed by cold weather or high altitudes.
I. H. C. engines are simpler, have fewer parts, are easier to control and give longer wear than any others.
The diversity of purposes for which these engines can be used makes them available as power producers wherever an engine of the same rated capacity is required.
For farms, dairies, mills, butcher shops, bakeries, blacksmith shops, ice plants, electric light plants, water works or wherever from 2 to I 5 horse power is required, an 1. H. C. gasoline engine supplies the best power available.
MADE IN THE FOLLOWING STYLES AND SIZES: Horizontal, Stationary or Portable, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 1 5 H. P. Vertical 2, 3 and 5 H. P.
Write us for Illustrated Catalog.
International Harvester Company of America
I Incorporated)
Chicago, U. S. A.
I ■.^:'> I
Views iNOuR,CHic/\i
For the MARKET Buyer Our Sample Rooms
STATjONT
It is The Butler Way to make buying easy for BUSY buyers — in the market ami at home.
Tn the market, j-ou could study as many other displays as we have departments and still be without the POSITIVE information you can get in our sample rooms.
In large, quiet, well-lighted floor spaces — used for no other purpose — with things of a kind grouped together, we show one of everything we handle, tagged with its catalogue nunilicr, f(uantity in pack- age and one price in plain figures.
That is The Butler Way of making market buying easy for BUSY buyers.
BUTLER I
Randolph Bridge =;*
Oc^AMPLERDOMS
' • V I »
For the HOME Buyer Our Catalogue
ROTHERS
Our monthly catalogue is arranged for BUSY buyers ; and, in effect, carries the marltet to them in their own stores.
The current number shows our complete spring and summer line — the things that sell, in more than 50 departments — by means of truthful pictures, exact descriptions and net guaranteed prices in print.
And as for snaps — you could tramp the market for weeks and not liegin to find them in number, kind and variety equal to the Yellow Page Items in our big spring catalogue.
Shall we send you this catalogue — No. QCoOS?
CHICAGO
CHICAGO'S OLDEST AND STRONGEST COMPANY
F.stablishoil 1868
National Life Insurance Company of the U. S. of A.
^r-rr
1 33 ail SI
HOME OFFICE, NATIONAL LIKt HI II.UINC. CHICAGO
ALBERT M. JOHNSON. Presicl.-iit ROIiERT v.. SACK F. IT, ^•i^■cTresill.•Ilt
Assets Over Six Million Dollars
RORKR T 0. LAV, ,S,-<-rotary CIlARLl-.S a .<;ilKI)I), Tri-.-isurtT
Insurance in Force Over Forty-Three Million Dollars
The pitlii'k's of tins nitniKiny arc lilHTal anti up-tit-ilate Call or write for i)arti<'iilars
INSl'RK IN A IIUMI-: CIIMI'AW
Efficiently Serves a Vast Territory
By through freight and Passenger service to and from
the following cities:
Chicago, 111. Omaha, Neb. Council Bluffs, Iowa Sioux City, la. Sioux Falls, S. D. Minneapolis, Minn. St. Paul, Minn. Peoria, 111. Evansville, Ind.
St. Louis, Mo, Cincinnati, Ohio New Orleans, La. Memphis, Tenn. Hot Springs, Ark. Louisville, Ky. Nashville, Tenn, Atlanta, Ga. Jacksonville, Fla.
Connections at above terminals for the
EAST SOUTH WEST NORTH
Fast and Handsomely Equipped Steam Heated Trains carrying Dining Cars, Buffet - Library Cars- Buffet Club Cars, Sleeping Cars, and Free Reclininy Chair Cars. Fast manifest Freight Service between the North and South and East and West
S. G. HATCH, Gen'l Passenger A&ent W. E. KEEPERS, Gen'l Freidht Adent
T. 1. HLDSON,
General Traffic Manai^er
J. T. HARAHAN, Second Vice-Presiden. A. H. HANSON,
Passenifer Traffic Manager
F. B. BOWES.
Frei^fit Traffic Manager
fE
TO CALIFORNIA
No better service tci California is ottered than that via The Overland Limited on the
CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE 6i ST. PAUL
RAILWAY
From I'nioii Passenger Station, Chicago, at 8:00 p. m. daily. Less than three davs en route to San I-'rancisco and Los Angeles. Tourist sleepers at 10:25 P- '"• ^^'^i')'- Personally conducted tourist car parties via Kansas City at 10:25 P- '"■' Tuesdays and Thursdavs.
F. A. MILLER General Passenger A^ent Chicago
Tickets
95 Adams St.
Chicago
l-js]
For the Shipper:
Quick, prompt, reliable freigKt service, every- wKere Southwest ; Santa Fe all tKe way.
For the Traveler:
Luxury of Tlie California Limited ; economy of tlie tourist sleeper ; comfort of smooth roadbed: safety of block signals, and scenery — the Grand Canyon of Arizona. Harvey serves the meals.
J E GORMAN
Freight Traffic Manager Chicago
W. J. BLACK
Passenger Traffic Manager Chicatfo
There's Money to be Made
Rock Island
W
Give the men w ho built the Rock Island, Mr. Investor, credit for having built with a view to the future
Give the present management credit for extending the lines ac- cording to traffic needs, both now and of the future Come with us on an inspection trip
In the
New Southwest
We will show vou what looked u;ood to us. It mav be of in- terest to vou
Rock Island lines penetrate everv nook and corner of the Great Southwest where there is a prospect of building up local enter- prises and populating the territory. Everv train carries in new "developers"
The Rock Islam! management has the needs c>f that community so closelv at heart that it maintains a corps of industrial in\esti- gators, in order to keep fullv advised as to the exact local condi- tions. We offer vou this information absolutelv without cost because it's to our mutual advantage to do so. We want to get you interested in the new country
Along the Rock Island
Low rate excursions first ami third Tuesdays every month to all points Southwest. Watcli for them
Send name and address for our folder of Business Openings and an illustrated book on anv of the Southwestern states
JOHN SEBASTIAN, Passenger Traffic Manager, CHICAGO
I :io 1
EXCELSIOR SUPPLY
COMPANY
233-3-7 Randolph Street CHICAGO
Everything For
Automobile Manufacturers, Dealers and Owners
Everything For
Bicycle Dealers and Repair Men
Everything For
Sewing Machine Dealers and Repair Men
Exclusive Western Distributors
The Famous Shelby Seamless Steel Tubing
Prompt Shipments Courteous Treatment
Prices That Are Ri^ht
Lon^ Distance Phones — Main 2082-2083
311
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The Overland Limited Electric-lighted. Less than three days Chicago tt) San Francisco and Port- land. Chicago, Union Pacific & North-Western Line dail^^ The Los Angeles Limited Electric-lighted. Every da}' in the year to Pasadena and Los Angeles. Chicago & North-Western, Union Pacific and Salt Lake Route. The China & Japan Fast Mail Daily Chicago to San Francisco, Los Angeles and Portland. Chicago, Union Pacific & North-Western Line. The Colorado Special Only one night to Denver. Chicago, Union Pacific c^ North-Western Line. The North-Western Limited Electric-lighted. Daily between Chicago, Minneapolis and St. Paul. The Duluth-Superior Limited Electric-lighted, daily, Chicago to Superior and Duluth. The Peninsula Express Daily to the Lake vSuperior Iron and Copper country. Other fast trains to Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Wvoming and the Black Hills. ^he 'Best of Everything CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY HIRAM R McCULLOUGH, W. B. KNISKERN. C. A. CAIRNS. R. H. AISHTON, VicoPretident, Passenger Tratlic Manager, General Passenger aad Ticket Agent, General Manager NW646 CHICAGO, ILL. |
Published ev THE CHICAGO COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION
AND UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FOLLOWING
TRADE EXTENSION COMMITTEE: Wm. F. Hypes, Chairman. Marshall Field & Co. Frederick Bode, Gage Bros. & Co. Frank Hibbard, Hibbard. Spencer, Barllett & Co. J. F. Pratt, Smith-Wallace Shoe Co. Frank S. Shaw, The Cable Company
THE members of the Trade Extension Committee, under whose management this magazine is pubHshed, wish to acl^nowledge with thanks the many congratulatory ex- pressions received on the appearance of the January' issue of this pubhcation. It may be of interest to the readers to know that the magazine has a circulation of over 35,000 copies per issue, and is distributed by mail or express to a selected list of merchants in towns of 1,000 and upwards throughout the United States west of the Alleghany Mountains. The cost of the publication is about $10,000 per issue. The advertisers in its pages are members of the Chicago Commercial Association, and their reliability is guaranteed by that fact. Merchants receiving the magazine will find it to their advantage to make up calling lists from the advertising pages and from the director)- in the first pages of the book.
THE new plant of the Illinois Steel Com- pany, now being built en the south shore of Lake Michigan, near South Chicago, will
cost $73,000,000, and will be the largest and best equipped steel plant in the world. The total annual output of this new plant is estimated at 1,750,000 tons of finished steel. The addi- tion of this tonnage to the already large output of the present works of the Illinois Steel Com- pany is a recognition on the ]Kirt of the United Slates Steel Corporation that Chicago is the Great Central Market for steel, and that there is an advantage in being close to the market.
LIFE insurance, having undergone much investigation and no end of discussion, should now become a theme for sober consid- eration and calculation by honest men. It is a fact, not to be denied, that honest life insur- ance is one of the real blessings of civilization. If some of the big companies have failed, in part, in their duties to policy holders, the wrong will right itself, through time, by the giving of a larger share of new business to the younger and smaller companies. Several Western companies report marked gains in volume of business since January i, 1906.
CHICAGO tem])erature did not reach the zero point any time during the winter just passed. Six degrees above, on February 2, was the lowest official record. Many Chicagoans who went long distances to bask in the sun- shine of Southern winter resorts suffered more from cold and chilh' blasts than they would ha\-e done at home.
33
34
CHICAGO; THE GREAT CENTRAL MARKET
A PLAN is on fool by a number of promi ncnl citizens and real estate dealers lo boule\ard Washington and La Salle streets in the down-town districts. 'riii> w ill involve repav- ing these streets and the prohibition of heavy traffic on them.
THERE ne\er was a time in the history of Chicago when the office buildings in the down-town district had fewer vacant rooms than now, notwithstanding the fact that during the past year nearly a dozen large buildings were completed.
PROSPECTS are that navigation will be open on the Great Lakes at least a month earlier than usual this spring, as Lake Michigan is practically free from ice already, and the Straits of Mackinaw are in such shape that the blockades will be dispelled much earlier than usual.
BY a recent enactment of the city coun- cil of Chicago the saloon- license fee of Chicago has been ad\-anced from $500 a year to $1000, the advance to take effect May ist. The increased re\enue which is expected from this move, and which it is estimated will amount to several million dollars a year will be expended largely in increasing the ])olice department.
'"'pHE Sujjreme Court of the United States -L decided, after extended deliljeration, and the hearing of much expert testimony, that the Chicago drainage canal, whiih reverses the flow of the Chicago River and empties in- to the Illinois River by way of the canal, was not a menace to thi' lualth of the city of St. Louis which was the comjilainant in the case. On the contrary, it was pro\ed that the \erv- large volume of fresh Lake Michigan water so dihit cd the impurities of the stream that before Peoria was reached the water in the Illinois Fiver was purer than it had been before the drainage canal was completed. In other words, St. Louis, instead of comi)laining, owes Chicago a vote of thanks for giving it better drinking w-ater.
THE University of Chicago trustees have accepted complete plans for the building of the William Rainey Harper Memo- rial Library Building. The structure will be bv far the largest college building of its kind in the world, and will contain the largest and most ccmplete lil)rary in the United States, with the excejjtion of the Congressional Library at Washington. The style of architecture will be Gothic, and in harmony with other University buildings facing the ■' Midway Plaisance." The building will cost 81,250,000, and will be a fitting memorial to the late President Har|jer, who gave the best years of his life to the upbuilding of the I'niversity.
THE plan for a deep waterway connecting the Great Lakes with the Gulf of Mexico will probably be ])ushed to completion within a ft'W vi'ars. The time is not far distant when the .Middle \\\>i will have votes enough in Washington to compel a proper recognition of the demands of this part of the United States. The deep waterwav is not an im]iossible dream, but rathiT a ])erfectly i)ractical ])lan, having in its faxor many natural advantages in the matter of construction. The benefits to arise from the com])letion of such a waterway cannot be esti- mated in figures. It would mean that ocean- going craft might go direct from C^hicago to tide- water; either to the .Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mc'xico, thus giving the lowest trans- portation charges to the most prosperous sec- tion of the United States. If present plans carr\-, the deep waterway may [jossibl}' Ix- in o])eration b\' the lime the Panama Canal is com- ])leted, thereby bringing the whole Middle \\'esl in close touch with the trade to the Orient, and i^ractically eliminating the question of rail way freight charges on a large percentage of the tonnage of the Mississippi \'alley and Great Lakes Basin.
The Chicago Commercial Association is tak- ing an active interest in the deep waterway jiroject. The next issue of this publication will contain an illustrated article on the subject.
A NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS
By HUBERT F. MILLER
AMERICANS have been called "a nation of shopkeepers," and we have accepted the title with evidences of pride rather than resentment. The phrase will stick long after its author is forgotten, because it car- ries a blend of trulli and exaggeration dear to the American heart, and because we are unafraid of being called names which imply an acknow- ledgment of supremacy from the other fellow. We have the satisfaction of knowing that our "shops" are the finest in the world ; and one of the many things that all the world looks to Amer- ica for is the latest ideas in retail store manage- ment, in store systems, store furnishings, store decorations, and in store advertising. Because we are the greatest storekeepers we are also the biggest wholesalers and jobbers of merchan- dise. And in spite of all this, and not because of it, we have found time also to be the greatest manufacturing people as well as the greatest agricultural countrv; and, in fact, wc might go
on using the adjective "greatest" until thread- bare and meaningless, did nati\e modesty not forbid, and still keep well within the strict bounds of truth and conscr\atism.
We stand convicted before all the world with the crime of "commercialism" — whatever that is — but in simple justice let it be said that we came honestly by our talents in the science of trade. We simjjly inherited them from our several mother countries, and have improved on the parental stock by cross-breeding.
It was an Englishman who tried to insult us by calling us "shopkeepers," and giving out the impression that the whole Atlantic coast resembled the 5 and 10 cent counter in a "bar- gain basement"; and yet it is a fact that there is not a shilling in the whole of England that is not tainted and even saturated by "trade." The island is simply a seething nest of middle- men and non-producers who live and thrive, more or less, on the profit made from trading
THE F JOHNSON CO S STORE.
35
FROM PHOTO LOANED BV DRV GOODS REPORTER
HOLDREGE. NEBRASKA
36
A NATIOX OV SlUM'RKKrERS
in the products of about one-fifth of the eartli's surface! England produces ver>' httle in com- parison to what it buys and sells; and yet the name "tradesman" is considcrt'd as a rcproatli by the "best pc()])le" of iMigland.
However, there is no disgrace in being a World Power in commerce. The Romans were a nation of sli()|)kec|)ers before they became world conquerors. In a laudable effort to helj) history repeat itself, Uncle Sam has held down his chair at the cashier's counter with a chi]) neatly balanced on his left shoulder, and has kept it poised there with such ease and grace that the few attempts to dislodge it in the last hun- dred years have ijroved (|uite unavailing and disastrous — to the other fellow. Your Uncle Samuel has been too busy with more important matters to dream of becoming a world conqueror, and probably never will bother about it, unless it becomes necessary, in which case he will take up the matter serioush- and probably dispose of il ill a way lo meet with \our entire approval— meanwhile, business before pleasure.
E\ en if we wished to do so we could not escape the Knglishman's indictment. We plead guilty. In fact we are willing to admit that the most 1)1 ileal American of to-day is not the manufac- turer, banker, workman, or farmer, nor yet the ty])e of American tourist best known to the foreigner abroad. We prefer as a ly])e the aver- age merchant or "shopkeeper" who wins success in the face of competition — who thrives on hard work whose measure of success depends largeK' on his individual elTorl — who is u])- riglit and honest — whose head is full of modern ideas in the best sense that the word implies. The type of business man who is charitable, philanthropic, and public spirited to the limit of his means — the man who believes in educa- tional advancement and good government. He is the sort of man who knes his countn.-, his home, and his home town — the kind wliose civic pride takes the form of financial as well as moral support.
He necessarily must be a man of brains and energy, because in no other business is compc-
FkuM PHOTO LOANED BY DRY GOODS REPORTER
THE RETAIL STORE OF R R MURPHV, AUSTIM, MINNESOTA
A NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS
37
tition so keen. In order to survive he must be one of the fittest. His mind must be one capa- ble of grasping every detail of his business. He must be painstaking, thorough, progressive, and inventive. Such is the type of men who make good shopkeepers and good Americans , and for this kind of man little apology is nec- essar}' in this world or will be in the next.
The large \illages and smaller cities of this country to-day contain the finest examples of modern retail establishments in the world. Not even the largest cities can boast of more beauti- ful ecjuipment or better stocks. In the big cities rents are high and space \-aluable. Beauty and convenience must be sacrificed to space-saving devices, except in the class of stores catering to the exclusive trade, able and willing to pay the highest prices, with something additional for beautiful surroundings.
In recent years millions ha\e been spent in beautifying retail stores, because it pays to ap- peal to the artistic taste and love of beauty. Electric fountains, palms, cut-flowers, bright colors, and music have been known to coax the reluctant dollars from the pockets of customers at tmies when the pulling power of printer's ink had apparently lost its force.
Even the remote cross-roads storekeeper is awake to the fact that it pays to "spruce up"
his store, to dress his front windows, display his stocks, put in new wall cases, fixtures, deco- rations, and to advertise. Within recent years even the butcher-shops have acquired the plate- glass and quartered-oak habit and the hardware man has discovered it pays to make his place of business attractive even to women, for the reason that the fair sex spend about 73% per cent of all the money earned in this country, and it is a well-established fact that they will buy a cross-cut saw or a log-chain almost as readily as a pink sunshade, providing the goods are properly displayed and the price marked in in odd figures ; a few cents lower than yesterday.
The modernizing of the country store is quite general throughout the country. Any traveling man can tell of hundreds of instances where rough board interiors and home-made furniture and fixtures have given way to mahogany, plate- glass, carpets, and lace curtains. This evolu- tion of the old -time store is a healthful sign of the times. It is, in fact, one of the many happy results of a closer personal acquaintance and business relationship between the countr\- mer- chant and the manufacturer or wholesaler in the big cities.
To-day the countrv dealer finds it profitable to tra\el hundreds of miles, even from the remotest coast, to the Great Central Market, where he
A MODER.M RETAIL STORE IN CHICAGO
38
A NATION' OF SHOPKEEPERS
has llu- advantage of unlimilrd slocks to choose from. To encourage tens of tliousands more to make tliis trip, the Chicago Commercial Association, composed of all the largest manu- facturers, wholesalers, bankers, and business men generally, was fornud. It aims to extend the city's trade even to the farthest corners of the country. Country buyers are given e.xcui- sion rates o\er Iwentv four trunk-line railroads, and connecting lines, including almost every im- portant railroad in the country, thus permitting the dealer to come to Chicago on fast trains, do
O. T JOH.N'SON GO'S STORK. G.-\LESBURG, ILLINOIS
his buving and return home witli the minimum loss of time, and at the lowest jjossible ex])ense.
The distance to Chicago is not reckoned in miles, but by the number of hours required to make the run. .The wonderful web of iran> portation facifitife,' whic^i has Chicago for its common center, simply annihilates distance, and makes one hour of to-day ef|uivalcnt to a full round of grandfather's clock in the "good old days" of stage -coach and steamboat.
Time was, and not many \i'ars ago, when the countrv- storekeeper was a man of leisure. The local grocer, dry-goods man, hardware dealer, each had a comparative niono])oly in
his held. The modern store of to-day was an unknown quantity, both in city and countr)-. As a rule, the country dealer "handled" but few lines of goods, which he bought largely as a matter of habit, from certain personal friends among the "drummers."
Should, perchance, the dealer's stock run low, or Ix'come partially exhausted before the semi- occasional \isit of the reprcsentatixe from the "house," there was little thought of Ijuying from some other firm", or even sending in a mail order. The lountry dealer depended on the traveling man also for news from the outside work! relating to the busi- ness, and the i)robable trend of future prices, often buving in large or small lots as the advice of the traveling man indicated. The "trade pa])er" was then unknown. The drummer had a mono])- oK' of pul>licitv in this par- ticular held, and therein he >erved his clients honestly and \w\\.
To-day the traveling rep- lesentatixe of the big whole- sale houses is too busy for the social amenities. He works on a fixed schedule, and must "make his dates," though the liea\ens fall, .\dvertising and trade publications keep his customers as well in- fomicd as he is himself as to trade conditions, and there is no longer a glamour of adventure and Kimance in the life of the "tommercial traveler."
There was comparatively little advertising done in the old days, and that little was generally of the "standing card" \ariety, and was done largelv in the s])irit of good fellowshi]), or as a sort of contribution due to the country editor, and not to be regarded in tlu' light of a business transaction. IModern advertising methods were not considered within the jiossibilities of countrj'
A NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS
39
storekeeping. Up-to-dale fixtures, furnishings, and modern equipment were unthought of, and modern filing and billing systems unknown.
As to general appearances one country store was as nearly like every other as it was possible to make them, with some slight allowance to be made for the idiosyncrasies of the country archi- tects and builders. If the store exteriors were similar, interiors were comparatively identical, in furniture, stock, and fixtures. The atmos- phere too, may have been classed as a fixture, in that it was as unmistakable of identity as the nail kegs, soap boxes and cracker barrels grouped about the stove. The "Little Red School House" which crowned the most convenient hill in each school district was no more typical of the time and conditions than was the country store of the "backwoods" district.
To trace the evolution of the modern store would involve a discussion of many of the great- est inventions and triumphs of the age, as well as the develojjment of many factors which to- day bring the country and city in closer relation- ship. Chief among these are the railroads and mail sen-ice, telegraph and telephone, together with the thousand and one inventions and im- provements, without which modern merchan- dising in the countiy districts would be practi- cally impossible.
Where days were formerly necessary to trans- port goods from the c<)untr\' to the citv, as many
EVOLUTION OF THE COUNTRY STORE
The country store of our grandfathers is, howe\'er, not to be reviled or despised. It served its purpose, and in addition to its own mis- sion in life often had thrust upon it the added burden and responsibility of the post office, the polling place, and the social club of the vicinity. It was also the forum of the budding orator and the full-blown politi- cian. From the ranks of the country store- keepers of the old school have come many of our merchant princes, captains of industry, men of affairs, and leaders of men. The general store was the outpost of commerce and primitive though it was, it contained the germ idea of the modern up-to-date retail store in which is found to-day all that is typical of the highest development in the science of modern business management.
WIXDOW DISPL.W. REPS & JUXGK. I.\C . CED.\R R.\P1DS, IOWA
hours are now sufficient. In the old times coun- tiy dealers were forced to buy in large ciuanti- ties at long intervals, thereby tying up the greater part of tlieir working capital in slow- moving stocks. The dealer was forced to be- come his own banker, and to some extent a spec- ulator. Wholesale prices were greatly influenced by the ciuantities of goods ordered, thereby tem])ting the buver to overstock, and compel- ling the limitation of business within certain narrow lines. To-day the country dealer may buv in comparatively small lots, at frec]uent intervals, and in great variety, permitting him
40
A NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS
\ii:w '
.\\ 1 iLD-FASlIIO.\EU HAKDWARi; STORK
to lurn his stock often. Right here \vc ha\f the basic idea of the modi'in store- — a litllr oj evervlliiui^, Ixniiihl I'iLrht and sold (|iiick!y.
MODERN EQUIPMENT.
One of thr jirinK- necessities for a niodein retail business either in city or country is modern ec[uipment in show-cases, shelving, filing-c-ascs, and manv other modern imjjrovements which make for conxenience and time-saving, enhance the appearance of the store and simplify sales- manship. In recent years store- keepers ha\e come to realize thai goods must lie well (lis|)la\-ed In sell rapidly.
Here is a ])iclure, for instance, of the old-time hardwai'e store: ^'ou would hnd a miscellaneous collection of tools, shovels, coal- hods, garden imjilements, row> of nail-kegs, kettles, etc., piled in heaps on the floors and slacked in corners, with dust and cobwebs everywhere. From the beams and ceilings above hung festoons of chains, lanterns, milk-pails, s])rink- ling-eans, and eventhing that would hang up. Shelves, desks, and ihe
lop of every catch all widiin reach were jjiled full of books, cata- logues, old ncvvspai)ers, and mis- cellaneous dcbVis that would stock a rag-shop.
A few years ago a Chicago man, who had sold goods all over the United States to the hardware trade for many years, awoke to the fact that there was a crying need for reform in hardware store furnish- ings. He ([uil the road and began building on a small scale, a system of shelving, and glass front cases designed to hold ordinary slock of a hardware store. F'or \-ears he led a struggling existence, finding it dilTi( ull to arouse the trade to a realization of the economy in the use of dust-proof and rust jiroof wall cases and shelving. To-day this svstem of shelving is in use in several thousand stores throughout the United States, and a large factory is taxed lo the limit of its capacitv in manufacturing this class ol goods.
STORE ADVERTISING.
.\dvertising is the most important detail of anv retail business. The use of printer's ink.
THE SAME STORE EQUIPPED WITH MODERN FURNISHINGS
A NATION OF SHOPKEEPERS
41
though it may not be the only road to pubUcity, is the most direct and effective. A great many items of expense, usually charged under some other head, are a part of the advertising expend- iture. Window display, fine fixtures, and deco- rations inside of the store are really advertising as much as outside signs or display ads in newspapers. The extra coat of paint on the store front or deliver}- wagon is intended to attract attention, and to remind the public that the owTicr is prospering, and therefore quite logically deserving of more prosperity and pat- ronage.
No attempt will be made within the limita- tions of this article to describe in detail any of the numerous ways to advertise a retail business. There are so many differences due to var}'ing local conditions that it is a manifest impossibility to sfive more than a general outline of the sub-
ject and even that will require a separate article.
Volumes ha\'e been written on retail ad- vertising, schools have been established to teach the "art," and dozens of periodicals have been printed in the interest of those seeking light on this all -important subject. Every Uxe business man must be interested in ad\-er- tising. If he gives the subject the same study and care which he must devote to any impor- tant detail of his business, he will succeed. Advertising will pay all the way from nothing to a thousand-fold. The simple truth is that advertising is a profession, and a life study in itself, and probably more perplexing and diffi- cult, particularly in relation to retail store man- agement, than any other factor in the business.
]\Iany successful retailers in the smaller towns, whose business is not large enough to permit of the employment of an advertising manager,
WHERE SPACE IS V.\LUABLE-A STAIRWAY DISPLAY IN A CHICAGO RETAIL STORE
42
A NATION OF S 1 1 (> I' K !■: K P E R S
are regular clients of adverlisinj^ experts in the large cities, who furnish them with ideas, write their advertisements, furnish illustrations, and by other means help to push the trade of a busi- ness perhaps hundreds of miles awa)'.
Some of the largest fortunes in this country have been built almost entirely through the power of printers' ink, but in modern retailing good advertising alone cannot bring complete success. If your advertisement attracts the people to your place of business it has done all that should be expected of it — salesmanshij) must do the rest.
A merchant \\ho does nol lx]ie\e in ad\er- tising is simply not in the race. Those who advertise and stop at that will be numbered among those who "also ran," but they will never lead the procession. The great Ameri- can public is e\-er ready to give tlie bulk of ils ])atronage to the man wlio is up-to-date in his
metliods; whose place of business is cleanly and orderly, and whose rule is "honesty for the .sake of honesty," and not " honesty is the best policy."
There ne\ er was a greater libel on Uncle Sam than t(^ say that he loves to be humbugged. He may relish it at long intervals — say once in a \ear, on "circus da}'," but he simply won't stand for it as a continuous performance, either in the matter of food for his stomach or clothes for his back.
A nuiuber of one of the richest firms in the countr\- was asked for the surest way to wealth for a voung man with a little capital to in\est. He replied : " Go to anygoodtown in the West or Middle West, where the retail stores arc old fashioned and behind the times, put in an up-to-date establishment from cellar to I'odf, establish connections with the best wholesale houses in Chicago, and advertise."
THE JOHN' DENG CO^ STORE. M.-\I.\ AISLE, FIRST FLOOR, COVXCIL BLUFFS, I0W.\
AMUSEMENTS OF CHICAGO
Bv FRAXK X FI XX EG AX
Xcxl to llir virtue, the jun in this world is what li'c can least spare. — Agnes Strickland.
T
HE very busiest of the thousands of visiting business men who weekly pour into Chicago from every corner of the Middle West, to buy or to sell, has at least one vagrant thought for the varied and glittering amusements which the great city unrolls be- fore him in theater, music hall, park, and garden. It may be that he does not talk quite so much of that feature of his trip before leaving home as he does of the urgent necessity of selecting his stock in person. He may not exactly dilate before his folks on the allurements of the primrose path that his fancy paints as stretching across Chicago, when the electric lights are lit, but he thinks of it just the same.
To provide a great \-ariety of rational, healthv amusement and recreation for a resident popu- lation of 2,000,000 people, and a transient multi- tude within the city's gates, is no light task. The men who have undertaken it, and have risked their money in various amusement en- terprises with the hope, but not the certainty, of getting returns on the investment, have made a close study of crowds and of public amusements in other cities, and have tried to benefit by failures and mistakes in the past; yet every year sees the wreck of one or more schemes intended to woo the coy dollar from the pocket of the amusement-seeker.
Practically everything in the line of public- entertainment and amusement, from grand opera at $3 a seat to free pubhc fiarks and free bathing beaches, is offered by Chicago at vari ous seasons of the year. It is generally rccog nized in the theatrical profession as the best " show town " in the United States. This does not nccessarilv mean that a successful
production will make more money here, but that it is sure of a fair verdict from the theater- going public.
Managers, actors, and producers recognize that they are more assured of a " scjuare deal " in Chicago than in any large city of the East. Audiences in the lake city do not care so much who writes a piece or where it was first pro-
GREAT NORTHERN THE.'^TER
43
44
AMUSEMENTS OF CHICAGO
always high-class dramas, musical comedies, or extravaganzas on view — often original pro- ductions; for Chicago is yearly getting to be more of a producing center. Several of the greatest successes of recent years were first pro- duced in Chicago. Of eleven musical comedies and e.\travaganz?.s produced in Chicago dur- ing the summer season of 1905, only one, "It Hapjiened in Xordlaiid,' had prr\ iouslv l)een seen elsewhere.
Last New Year's day there ojiened in Ciii- i ago the finest theati'r in the world dexoled to \aude\ille, built in a modern steel sky-scraper block that cost Si,oco,ooo before a tenant was admitted or the theater doors thrown open ; and furni>iH(l more gorgeously and exj)ensivel\- than any other thrcater in the city. This mav give an outsider some notion of th.e regard in which \au<k'\ille is hi'ld in Chicago — or per- haps of the faith that its princi]ial jjrojectors in the West have in it. True, tlie theater could readily be devoted to other forms of enter- tainment should the demand for vaudeville fall otT, but the fact remains that the newest, finest and most C{)stly theater in Chicago was Ijuill especially as a vaudeville house-
K.
Y M C. .\ ACniTOKIL'M
duced — if only it has merit. In the East, they say, a ]iroducei- from (>iit>idc tin- charmed circle of (iotham, with a "star" little known to Hroadway, has nfilhing like a fair chance of success, no matter how good his piece may be. 'I'hf newspaper critics practically unite in de- manding, "Who are these people?" and " Where do they come from?"
Thus the visitor to Chicago is assured of see- ing the best plays in the country, if his inclina- tions arc in that direction; for managers with good shows are always anxious to bring them to Chicago, where merit wins success and dollars. At six or seven of the leading playhouses, those in the down-town section of Chicago, there are
m
it
IV H Hi
i« II II II II II II
;; li ri "' '>'< " '
ri fi II
"TT.. ••' " " "
.VUDITORILM THE.VTER
AMUSEMENTS OF CHICAGO
45
ORCHESTRA HALL
There are three other vaudeville theaters in the city, with weekly changes of bill, which give lovers of the " continuous " form of entertain- ment a sufficient variety of performers.
Four theaters devoted to melodrama and comedy dramas at popular prices, and three burlescjue houses about complete the list of the down-town theaters, if the dime museum and several less pretentious theatrical entertain- ments be omitted.
But the amusement field of Chicago is by no means confined to the theaters, nor are all the places of simple, joyous entertainment enclosed by walls and roof. In the summer season, which begins about May 15th and lasts until the chill breezes of October warn of approach- ing winter, there is a fund of entertainment out- of-doors for the \isitor as well as for the resi- dent. And it can be secured at a cost varying from the car-fare of a ride to the public parks up to the bank-roll of the plunger who has a longing to buy everything in sight.
Public amusement parks, modeled on Coney Island on a miniature scale, are spreading over the country so rapidly that few of the larger
cities are now without at least one, and Chi- cago has four. There are more than that, if all the beer gardens that aspire to be " amuse- ments parks " were counted, but there are four large ones that advertise in the newspa- pers and are generally' known throughout the citv. .\nother one, on an immense scale, is now being built, and still another is pro- jected for the lake shore, south of the old World's Fair grounds at Jackson Park, which would have the added advantage of a bathing beach.
" White Citv " is the largest of the amuse- ment parks, and it had probably the most phe- nomenal success of any enterprise of the kind ever launched. Although located within less than a mile of a rival park which had been con- ducted for several years under the auspices of the street-car company, it sprang into instant favor, and crowds of 40,000 to 60,000 people ' at 10 cents each, were common on Saturday^ and Sundays. This year it is being enlarged, the promoters having learned many lessons dur- ing its first season. " Chutes Park " is the
STUDEBAKER THE.\TER
46
AMISKM KN'TS OF CHIC ACQ
ILLINOIS THEATER
oldest of the amusement resorts, and " Sans Souci," near the Washington Park race-track, is very poj)ukir. On the far northwest side is " Riverview," by far the kirgest of the institu- tions, where fcsti\als including 15,000 to 20,000 peo]>lc are freriuently held in summer.
Of a different ty])e, hut e(|uall}' popular in their own way during the summer season, arc the immense gardens where band concerts are given under the trees in the open air, where beer and Wagner mingle joyously, and where familv ])arties gather round heavily laden din- ner tables, and lovers stroll under the elec- tric lights to the throbbing of Strauss waltzes. Last summer five bands of national reputation were engaged in Chicago at one time. The summer nights certainly shall be filled with music if the amusement-seeking Chicagoan has his way.
For the man from an inkuid lown, far from the sight of water, nothing in Chicago hoUls a charm e(|ual to that exerted by the great, cool lake, and for their amusement and edifica- tion a variety of short and cheap excursions are given. Probably the shortest and chea|iest trip is made by a licet of naphtha launches that run from the foot of Randolph Street to Lincoln Park for fifteens cents, taking ten to twenty passengers every trip. To Indiana Harbor and Michigan City, in Indiana, to South Haven, Benton Harbor, and St. Joe, INIichigan, and to
Racine, Kenosha, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the steamers go every day, and there are so many com])eting lines that sailing hours are frequent.
There is no better way of spending a warm Sunday afternoon, for instance, than by taking trolley trips through the city or into the coun- try. Some of the South Side and North Side lines will show you the fine residence districts and take you to the largest parks. Then you can go "slumming" through the C^hicago Ghetto on West Twelfth Street where the signs on the windows are all Yiddish — or take other cars through Bohemia, Poland, Italy, Sweden and other foreign quarters of the city. China- town in South Clark Street is within walking distance of your hotel. Delightful trips into the country can be made by trolley — Joliet and the Drainage Canal; Hammond, Indiana; Aurora and Elgin; and, most beautiful of all, to Fort Sheridan and the wooded bUifls of the north shore as far as vou want to go.
G.-\KKICK THE.\TKR
HOW CHICAGO HANDLES ITS MAIL
Ar an ex'pensc of a (.[uarter of a million dollars for special machines, Uncle Sam has converted the basement and two lower floors of the new Government Building at Chicago into a mechanical post-office, the like of which the world has not elsewhere.
Clanking elevators, whose boiler-plate buckets each could carry a half ton; heavy and light artillerv in the shape of large and small pneumatic tubes; whizzing baskets on tight wires, and a network of belt and tray conveyors, of various forms, criss-crossing and winding in and out above the aisles and cases, give the great building the air of a factory, to say nothing of the sounds of one.
All this machinery has been installed to make good the deficiencies of the $8,000,000 building for the purpose for which it was sup- posed to have been planned, and to pro^■idc for the growth of Chicago's postal business since the time, eleven years ago, when the building was begun.
Before describing the mechanical ec|uipment of this "plant," the following figures of the magnitude of its operations are timely:
Chicago's daily average of mail matter han- dled, excluding Sundays, is about 4,000,000 pieces of all kinds, and one day recently the thirteen canceling machines passed the two mil- lion mark on letters alone, postmarking 2,014,- 000 pieces. Incoming pouches and sacks are being received at the rate of 8,000 a day, while nearly double that number is distributed. Stated another way, nearly, if not f|uite, 3,000, 000 incoming sacks and jx)uches will be han- dled in igo6, at the present rate, and orobably
5,000,000 distributed, while more than 60,000 tons of newspapers and periodicals will be weighed, handled and distributed in this one office, during the present year.
To handle this matter, the post-office depart- ment has on its pay-rolls, in Chicago alone, over 4,500 men, about half of whom work in, or travel from, the main office. The other half of this force is stationed at the branch post- offices, or "stations," scattered throughout the city.
The Chicago post-office occupies the lower floors of the Government Building, covering the full city block bounded by Adams, Dearborn and Clark streets and Jackson Boulevard, The Iniilding is 300 by 370 feet in ground dimen- sions, and includes about fifteen acres of floor space. Its gilded dome is 280 feet above street level.
In handling the vast tonnage of mail above indicated, the general scheme involves its re- cei])t from various sources at the basement and first floor, its elevation in bulk to the sec- ond floor for primary or "coarse" distribution, and its descent to the main floor for further sorting into carriers' routes, or for outgoing pouches or pneumatic tube cartridges.
Mail dropped into the thousands of letter boxes all over the city is collected bv carriers, and either delivered to wagons or to troUev mail-cars. When it reaches the main post- oflice it is thrown into one of the thirteen steel chutes on Dearborn street. When the con- tents of the car or wagon are all delivered to the chute, the receiving mouth is closefl, and the whole load of mail is weighed, and dropped
47
48
now CHICAGO iiAX I) I, i:s its mail
onto a movinj^ he-It ihirly six incln's wiik-. This belt conveys its load of hundreds of bags to a second belt that moves u]) an incline at the rale of 600 feet per minute. The inclined belt throws the sacks onto a third belt moving at right angles, and this belt delivers the mail to one of seven lifts, or bucket debitors, that (hini|) tile bags onto a plalforni on the second lloor, sixty feet above its base.
A force of men here emjjties the bags into one of two com])arlment liojjper cars, that are arranged so that lhv\ dinn|) into any one of twenty-one hoppers, over a series of eiglit tables. Scores of men, at these tables, " slack " the mail — in other woimIs, face the pieces, feeding them into an automatic stacker — a moving belt device that stacks letters and con- veys them on edge, to the canceling machines.
There are thirteen of these cancelling ma- chines, which the Gcnernment leases from the ])atentee. Each machine handles an average of 500 to 600 pieces per minute, canceling the stamps and printing the postmark, the hour and minute Ijcing changed automatically.
Aflii' the mail is canceled and jiostmarked il falls into baskets which are carrii'd to tlu' "|)rimary distribution" tables. Here the mail is sorted by states, or by groups of slates, and packed into steel trays or cars, seven and one half inches wide, thirty inches long and six inches deep. These little cars when filled are set onto a moving belt conveyor that circles around three sides of the second lloor, carr\-- ing the mail to cases, where it is distributed intt) R. P. O. routes, city routes, etc.
These little cars have an ingenious arrange-
ruIC.^GO POST-OFFICE BELT CONVEVOltS UNDER SIDEWALK
HOW CHICAGO HANDLES ITS .MAIL
49
niftit bv which thev switcn themselves off at the jjroper station. At the front of each car is a numbered bar, witli a guide that slides on it. The operator sets the guide at any one of the thirteen numbers corresponding to the des- tination desired, and the car floats along the belt, passing station after station, until the right one is reached, when it switches itself off onto a miniature siding, and is emptied by the clerks at the table.
These clerks sort the mail into railway postal routes and place it, tied in packages on a belt carrier which takes it to the pneumatic tube receiving station on the same floor. Here the fourteen clerks toss it into the proper one of the four inclined chutes that carry it down to the sending station on the main floor.
Mails no longer close thirty to fifty min- utes before train time as they used to, because
these pneumatic carriers are shot under tne streets and under the river to the various rail- way stations, up to but a few minutes before the time of starting the trains. The clerks in the R. P. O. diNision must be familiar with the train schedule on the various roads because, for instance, a letter for Dubuque, Iowa, would be routed C, B. & Q. before 10:50 p. m.; Chicago & Great Western for the ensuing ten minutes, or up to 11 p. m. : and Illinois Central up to 2:55 a. m.. any one of the trains delivering the mail in time for the first delivery next morning.
The underground pneumatic tube system is the largest of the kind in the world. There are three double-tube trunk lines, aggregating over eighteen miles of eight-inch cast iron pipe. Of these lines the stockyards branch is the longest, the station being si.x and one-half
END OF THE BIG P.\EUM.\TIC TUBE SYSTEM IN THE BASEMENT OF THE CHICAGO POST-OFFICE
so
now nilCAG O HAXDI.K S ITS MAIL
miles away from the ijosl-office, i-c(|uiring thir- teen miles of i)i])e. Relay stations on this line are at Twelfth and Twenty-second streets on the Illinois Central, and at Armour avenue and Thirty-second street. Another system takes in the LaSallc Street and Union Sta- tions, and a third, the Chicago & Northwest- ern Station with two termini. A continuous current of air moving thirty miles per houi is forced through these pipes, under a ])ressure of about ten pounds to the square inch. The cartridge or carrier that conveys the mail is seven and one-half by twenty-four inches, inside, holding about 300 letters. Car- riers are sent, during busy hours, ten seconds apart, the result being that the same column of air is at times carrying several tons of mail. Suppose Mr. J. Ogden .Armour has an im- jjortant bit of "copy" to send to the Saturday
Evening Post, in Philadelphia. He intends to mail it in the morning from his down town olTicc, but discovers it in his pocket at 2:15 in the afternoon, wlien he is at his Stockyards ortlces. He rushes a boy over to the Stockyards terminal, the letter is put into the tube at 2 :20, reaches the main postotTice, six and one- hah" miles away, at 2:30; is sorted and niuli-d, along with other mail for the Pennsylvania Limited train, and at 2:38 is in a cartridge shooting under the street to the Union Station. It arrives in th- last of a continuous stream of these air-driven projectiles, and is ojjened and the contents distribuli-d into pouch- es which are rushed to the train shed. The train is just crouching for its eighteen- hour spring to Xew York, but the last Eastern pouch, with Mr. .Vrmour's red-hot roast on commission men, is thrown into the
OVERHEAD C.\RRIICR SYSTEM IM THE POST-OFFICE. SI.\IIL.\R TO C.\SH CARRIERS USED IN STORES
HOW CHICAGO HANDLES ITS .MAIL
51
mail car just as the huge engine sends its first ring of smoke to the vaulted roof of tlic big station.
There is another pneumatic tube system in the post office building almost equally interest- ing. It is known as the "house-system" and comprises sixteen stations, or thirty-two lines, of four-inch, sixteen-gaugc brass tubing. There are over 10,000 feet of such tuljing used, and the cartridges travel in the tubes at about forty-five feet per second, or over thirty miles an hour.
All lines converge in a central station where one operator does all the receiving and sending. Each cartridge has a numbered collar and ring arrangement, so that the sender sets the ring to the number of the station which he wishes to reach. The operator at "central" picks up the cartridge as it shoots into the box, ex- amines the number, and inserts it into the
proper sending tube without opening. This line is used for communicalion between the various departments and for mail which employees in the building wish to send to the outside.
Chicago's new tunnel railway which began handling the mails on March 10, will be one of the greatest improvements ever inaugurated in the local mail service. The mail is brought on electric cars 40 feet underground and deliv- ered to an endless belt conveyor which in turn carries the sacks to the postal clerks in post ofliice basement. The whole mail system be- tween the post office and all the railroad stations will be running before the end of June.
This method of handling mails passing through Chicago will mark a new regime for the rapifl transit of mail matter. By the middle of summer the tunnel cars will be carrying 800 tons of mail every day.
THE FIRST MAIL ARRIVING AT THE POST OFFICE STATION OF THE CHICAGO SUBWAY OR UNDER.
GROUND RAILROAD. MARCH 10, 1903
52
now CIlIfAliO II AX I) L i;S ITS MAIL
This is barely a fragmentary glance at the- equipment of Chicago's famous " Mechanical Post office." Columns might be written about the 1700 horse |)0\ver battery of water-tube boilers, the luigi' engines, |)uni])s, air eomjiress- ors, electrically driven fans and other heavy machinery in the basement. Other columns, and interesting ones, could be written about the almost military ])recisi()n with which the thousands of clerks, carriers and other em- ployes jierform their tasks to the end that the public may get its mail with the least possible delay and at the greatest attainable average of accuracy.
The machinery t'i|uipment is primarily a room-saver, though it also saves both time and labor. It is all ''special" in that it was built to overcome the particular and peculiar difli- culties whi( h tlii' building presented.
In devising and designing mechanical means for handling the mails, the judgment and ex- j)erience and ingenuity of Assistant Postmaster John M. Hubbard, and Frank H. (jalbrailh, superintendent of mails, were of the greatest value to the installing firms. Fred A. Busse, the new Postmaster, lakes a keen interest in a further development and amplifi cation of the meclianieal systems alread}- in success- ful operation.
THK RAII.W.XY MAIL SKRVICIC
The United States mail routes constitute the nerve system of the bod\' jiolitic. An accident, an unusual pressure, or an abnormal congestion at a nerve cen- ter will disarrange t he whole commercial svstem. No matter what hapi)ens, the United States mails must not be delayed. It is well that the stronj; arm
of the general go\'eriiment is back of this service, else in this complicated world of ours business paralysis would be a common ailment.
We drop our letters in the cross-roads mail box, or into tlie mail chute on the eighteenth floor of a sky-scraper. They vanish. We know that the carriers from the local post ofl'ice will gather them up and bring us our return mail. The local post office therefore becomes for us the head and front of the United States mail service. Hut in fact it is a mere incident — a point of contact — a nerve end. The railway service is the spinal cord, the ramifying nerve- sheaths, and even the brain of this complicated system on which the business of the country depends.
You will see next to the engine in times of peace, and at the rear in times of strikes and riots, on nearly every passenger train, a mail car — railway Post Office (R. P. O's. they are called). There arc thousands of them all over the countrv, forexer moving. Here is done the bulk of tlie work of the de])arlment. Standing in the door of these cars as the train stops at a station, you will often see a man
DISTRIBVTIXG THE MAIL EN ROUTE
HOW C H I C A c; O HANDLES ITS MAIL
S3
dressed like a common laborer in dirty o\- rails, coatless, coUarless, and without a hat. He is the clerk in-charge, the postmaster of this particu- lar R. P. O. His post otlicc may be a solid mail train of five cars carrying fifty tons of mail — quite as important a cog in the machinery as the postmaster of — well, Chicago.
Many a man has been surprised to find on his desk at eight-thirty in the morning a letter written and mailed four hundred miles away at nine o'clock the night before. Knowing that the train on which that letter must have come did not arrive until 7:40 a. m., he gives the local post office credit for very cjuick action. But the local post otfice had httle to do with it. That mail was distributed en route in the R. P. O., and the letters were tied in bundles ready for the carriers to start out with on their first trip in the morning.
In the evolution of the railway mail service the work of the local post offices in the cities is being gradually eliminated. Connection is being made, as far as possible, directly with the carriers. This will be extended to the rural
delivery wliere\er time will be saved b_\- it; the local post oOice being used simply as a way station along the mail routes.
Chicago to-day is the greatest mail center on the continent. Seven hundred tons of this concentrated commerce flow through her gates every twenty-four hours. From every point of the compass, it comes to this great hopper to be ground out, separated, and sent to its des- tination. Why is this? It is because Chicago is the focal point of the continental fast mail lines. It is the point where the great links of the transcontinental mail chains arc joined together.
From Boston, and New York, and I^hila- delphia, and Washington the fast mail trains on the Lake Shore and the Pennsylvania rush the mail designed for the W^est to Chicago. Here it is segregated and sent to the North- west, the West, and the Southwest, on trains that hold the right of way o\'er everything. To the Northwest to St. Paul, the " Milwaukee " runs solid mail trains — trains of five cars that carrv nothing but mail, and make the run
THE FAST M.\IL .■\T UNIO.M STATION
54
HOW CHICAGO HANDLES ITS MAIL
of 412 miles in k-n hours. The same i> true of the HurUnglon lo Omaha, while to the south west the Sanla Fe holds the key by having the shortest link to Kansas City.
It is a fact not generally known thai tons of foreign mail, direct from England and the Continent for Australia and the Orient, cross this continent daily from Boston and New ^'o^k lo San Francisco and the cities of the Sound, it passes through Chicago.
If you want to sec something of this tremen dous mail trafl'ic go to the Northwestern, the Lake Shore, or the Union stations between the hours of eight and ten in tlie I'vening. It is then that the bulk of the Eastern mail arrives and is transferred to the Western connections. It will strike you as a bit confusing. A large part of the mail has to be transferred across the cit\-, and there is often less than an hour to
do i in. \'ans drawn by galloping horses wheel up to the curbing, and discharge their loads, then scurry away to make room for others. Solid train loads roll into the station and dump their contents on trucks which are wlieeled to a waiting train and thrown pell mell into the ojjen doors. Why the different links are not joined so as to avoid this needless friction of transfer, I do not know. An im- provement is in sight, however. Contracts have been made with the tunnel company to connect the main >tations and complete this transfer under ground.
The schedule time of the fa^t mail> lielween the oceans is ninety -five hours. Of this, from eighteen to twenty-two are consumed between New York and Chicago, and ten between Chicago and St. Paul, Omaha, and Kansas Citv. Fully live hours of the total are con- sumed in transfers.
THE I< P 0--THE R.MLW.-W POST OFFICE
CHICAGO AND THE GREAT
NORTHWEST
By RICHARD A, HASTE
A FEW years ago some one sprung the question, " Where is the West ? " and then proceeded to prove that direction is purely relative; that, in fact, the West is a will-o'-the-wisp depending entirely on the point of view; that if this viewpoint be Boston, the West embraces the entire continental zone, but if the viewpoint be Denver, the West is nar- rowed to the Pacific coast. This sounds plaus- ible, but it is true only to a limited extent. So far as the United States is concerned our geo- graphical nomenclature is rajiidly becoming fixed.
As we reckon latitude from the ecjuator, and longitude from a given principal meridian, so the mass of the people by common consent have chosen a fixed point from which to reckon directions — and that point is Chicago. Not only has the West a distinct habitation, but the segregation has gone farther and the North- west and the Southwest have each a definite boundary which no man mistakes — this terri- tory is as strictly defined as is that of the South. Look at a map of the United States. What constituted the Southwest ? Why, that portion of the country lying southwest from Chicago, embracing the states of Missouri, Arkansas, Texas and the Territories. What is the North- west? That territory lying northwest of Chicago, and embracing Wisconsin, Minne- sota, the Dakotas, Montana, a part of Idaho and Washington. What remains between the
Mississippi river and the Pacific is the West — because it is west of Chicago. .\ term — the Middle West — is somewhat in vogue, em- bracing a number of states with Chicago as a center, but this simply overlajjs and does not interfere with the commercial nomenclature that has at last become fixed in the minds of the people. Even the Canadians recognize the position of Chicago as the center of Ameri- can activity by referring to that vast scope of country between Winnipeg and Edmonton as the "Canadian North-West. " It is not north- west from Quebec or Montreal, but it is north- west froDi Chicago. And therefore it becomes the Canadian North- West.
The average citizen does not appreciate the vastness of this country of ours, nor the tre- mendous scope of its resources. He knows, for instance, that the Northwest extends from the Great Lakes to Pugct Sound, and that it measures something over 300,000 square miles. But he does not stop to consider that that means a territory greater than the combined area of England, France, Germany, Belgium, and Holland. He knows that now it has a population of about 7,000,000, but he does not take the trouble to learn that when it be- comes as densely peopled as Germany it will sustain a population of 135,000,000; or when compared with England it is capable of fur- nishing homes and a livelihood for 326,000,000 people. I am speaking of the possibUilu's oj
55
SCOT! V I'lllLLIPS HERD UK BLF lALU. XEAR I'lERRE. S U
///(' IVoiilru'csl alo)u . Thrrr is the West, the Southwest, and the South to be considered, each with possibihties simihir to those of the North west.
At tlie late we arc niovinu;, ])ossibililics are not far removed from actuaUties. Our foreign immigration is steaeUly increasing, notwith- standing the checks imposed by legislation and a rigid immigrant inspection. Last year this foreign contingent exceeded one million. Our population is doubling ever)' twenty-five years. What does tliis mean? It means a jwipulation of 150,000,000 in 1925 and 300,000,000 in IQ50 — and the bulk of this increase will be found west of the Mississip])i river.
The development of the Northwest has bi'cn unifiue. Until within the last fifty years im migration took care of itself — it was the over- flow from the oidei' ( i\ ilization — it was com- posed of the restless spirits that have always worked their way slowly and jjainfully toward
A HOME I.V THE NORTHWEST WILDERNESS
the setting sun. The East and much of the Middle West was settled under this old regime, in which the pioneer with his ritlc, his family, and household goods, in a covered wagon drawn by a sure-footed ox team, was the central figure. It was this immigration that passed the .Mle- ghanies and, following lines of least resistance, using the rivers and lakes as highways, con- ([uered the forests and at last found itself on the edge of the great western prairies. It was this tide of immigration that settled Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and llowed over into tlie southern ])art of Wisconsin. Then the rail- roads came and with tiiem a new era — the era of rapid and cheap transportation.
With the advent of railroads in the West the whole problem of settlement and industrial develo])ment underwent a complete change. The settler was no longer left to fight the battle with the wilderness alone. But railroad cor- ))orations witli large grants of goverment land became the active moving force in the de\elop- ment of the country. .\nd the Northwest was the field of the first cami)aign.
The material history of the Northwest is the history of northwest railroad dewlopment.
Fifty years ago — immediately after the com- pletion of the shi]) canal that linked Lake Suijcrior to the lower chain of lakes, the first iianscontinental railroad was built — on paper. It was to e.xtend from the head of Lake Super- ior to the Pacific. The financial crash of '57 i'lit a (|uietus on tiie ])roject. But the seed -as sown and the dream became a tangible lact when the last spike of the Northern Pa- cific was driven a quarter of a century later.
Fifty years is not a long period in the life of
WILLIAM BURTON FARM. 12 MILES EAST OP ABERDEEN. SOUTH DAKOTA
a nation or a people, and yet within that time the Northwest has been literally created anew. Fifty years ago there was not a mile of railroad track within its boundary; now the total lines of steel aggregate 25,000 miles. Fifty years ago the wheat production was scarce sufficient to supply the few settlers with bread and seed ; now the total production is close to 250,000,000 bushels, nearly one-half of the output of the United States.
Figures of commercial tonnage mean little unless they can be reenforced by comparisons. To state in figures the commercial tonnage produced in the Northwest would mean little to the reader. But some idea of the marvelous fecundity of that region may be given by noting the fact that the freight passing the canals at the "Soo" during the season of navi- gation of 1905 totaled 44,270,680 net tons — an amount more than three times greater than the total world tonnage of the Suez canal and twice the tonnage of the Suez, the Manchester, and the Kiel canals combined. And mind you, this is but a bagetelle of the tonnage of the Northwest — a mere side issue that takes advan- tage of the water transportation during a short season of 250 days.
In the making of the Northwest two figures loom large in the foreground — Jay Cook and James J. Hill. Possessing vivid creative imag- ination they both saw visions. They knew at first hand the tremendous resources of the Northwest. They saw what must needs come — an agricultural and industrial empire be tween the Lakes and the Sound country, and they bent their dynamic energies to bring it about. But they both made the mistake of
attempting to develop the Northwest inde- l)endent of the great commercial center of the continent — Chicago. Hill, however, saw the handwriting on the wall, and the pur- chase of the Burlington system by the two great Northwest systems, the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific, was his interpreta- tion of that handwriting. The time has passed when Chicago can be safely omitted as a factor in any commercial problem of the West.
Not less important, but possibly less dra- matic, than the roles of the Northern Pacific and Great Northern in the up-building of the Northwest were the parts played by the North- western, the St. Paul, Chicago & Great West- ern, and the Wisconsin Central. These systems, which now have each fully 5,000 miles of trackage within Northwest territory, have rep-
THE END OF A BEAR HUNT IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN
S8
ciiiCAoo A x I) Till-; (;Ki;Rr xoki ii w i;s'i
resented the c()nser\ali\c elenicnl in indu^lrial and agricultural development. With vast ter- minal facilities in Chicago they have connected this market place with nearly every town and county in Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Da kota and Northern Michigan, and heli)ed to bring the whole Northwest into close and con venient trade relations with tlie (iRiCAT CliN TRAi. Market — CHICAGO.
CLIMATE OF THE NORTHWEST
A community or a state as well as an indi \idual mav be slandered — and for the com munity there is no redress in the courts. Thr Northwest has been persistently slandered on the score of its climate. For some reason a lie runs faster than the truth; and a tale of the blizzards and awful cold of the Northwest will I'md lodging when the naked truth will be turned away.
I was once discussin" this matter of climate
A I i,ij\\i\(; Ai<Ti:siA\ wi;ll im souiii Dakota
THE GOLDE.N HARVEST OF THE NORTHWEST
CHICAGO AND THi: GREAT NORTHWEST
59
^""""^'"'^
I.\ THE DAIRY COUNTRY OF WISCONSIN
with a drummer who had traveled much in the Northwest. "People don't undertsand about the climate up there," he said. "Why, you go far enough west and you arc bound to come to summer."
A glance at any isothermal map will show that the lines of equal temperature curve abruptly to the northwest after passing the head of Lake Superior. The average annual temper- ature of Edmonton is but one degree lower than
that of St Paul. .\n(l in the valley of the Peace river, 600 miles north of the northern boundary of Montana, magnificent crops of grain are raised. And 1 doubt not that the time will come when e\-en that country will raise corn as well as North Dakota.
The winters are cold — there is no question about that, but the humidity of the air is so slight that we do not feel 20° below zero as much as 10° above in Illinois. To compen- sate for the cold of the winter nature gives the Northwest an invigorating atmosphere that makes life worth living, even in a dug-out, and summers that are found only in that region.
From Fargo and Grand Forks west to the mountains, the winter climate is dominated to a great extent by the Chinook winds. As you near the mountains they become more preva- lent. In the midst of winter, when the mer- cury has been hibernating in the bulb, the mountains to the west will become suddenly wrapped in cumulus clouds. Out of these clouds
■-£.V -'M^
A SUMMKK liAV 1 .N M l.\.\ESOlA
6o
CHICAGO A N D THE (1 R I'. \ T N O R
W K S T
will come a wind, warm with the breath of Mav, and within an hour the mercury is huj^.^inj^ 60°, and winter has gone for a period al least. No finer climate exists than that of the great Inland Empire of which Spokane is the center. And west of the mountains, along the Pacific slope, even in winter you will find summer.
AN UNDEVELOPED COUNTRY
Wc are apt to think of the Northwest, with
but they all pass through a country aijout as wild as it was before the pine timber was taken off. The vast plains of Dakota have scarcely been scratched by the breaking plow. Montana is unexploited, while the great timber and mineral resources of Washington are hardly guessed at. Notwithstanding all this, the old pioneer life cannot be found anvwhere in this whole region. The railroads are preceding
ALONO ROCK RIVICk, WISCONSIN
its railroads, its flourishing towns, and its up- to-date social organization, as a settled country. But that is far from the truth. The greater j)art is as yet a wilderness. And 1 am not speaking of the far west. The northern half of Minnesota is untouched, and the same can al- most be said of northern Wisconsin and the nor- thern peninsula of Michigan.
It is true that two railroads traverse northern Minnesota from east to west, and two more are now l)uilding toward tile northern liouiidarv,
settlement — they are leading and coaxing the settlers aitcr them. Every Northwest railroad has a well equipped immigration department, whose business istosettle the lands with farmers. Ja mcs J. Hill in one of his forceful speeches, remarked, "Land without peo])lc is a wilder- ness, and people without land are a mob." And he has been trying for tweiit\- years to bring this mob to the wilderness. With what success the immigration to the "Hill country" dem- onstrates.
A "BACK PASTURE.' OR \EWLY CLEARED FIELD, IX XORTH DAKOTA
The Northwest has had three distinct periods of prosperity, booms we may call them. The first followed the C\v\\ War and came to an end in 1872; the second began in the early 8o's and continued for about ten years; the last is on now, has been on for five years. There was some pioneering twenty years ago, but the con- ditions have changed. The American settler now goes into a new country fully ecjuipped to do business. He does not take his team and covered wagon, his family inside, and the hen- coop tied on the rear, driving his cows and a few sheep along. Xo, he looks up his location, buys his land, builds a shack, sells out his old place and takes a train to the nearest town where his family stavs until things arc ready. He does not wait ten years to get 160 acres under cultivation, but buys his machinery and breaks up eighty acres as a starter. In short, immi- gration has become a business, and the immi- grant farmer a business man. There are ex-
ceptions; but I am stating the tenaency, if not the general rule.
Chicago is united to the Northwest by bonds that render their interests mutual. Every man, woman, and child that goes into the Northwest to make a home are that much added to the future population of Chicago. Every farm that is improved and cultivated, every indus- try that is established, every town that is built, add just that much to the commercial capital of Chicago. On the other hand, every dollar that comes to Chicago is that much more capital for the u]5buliding of the North- west.
The influences are reactive — it is the law of trade. Each has grown, and will grow, as the other grows. And when the Northwest, with its thousands of busy towns, and its hun- dreds of thousands of fertile farms, comes to count the population with nine figures, will there be room for Chicago ?
THE FAST MAIL TO THE NORTHWEST .AT 70 MILES PER HOUR
CHICAGO'S GREAT SUBWAY SYSTEM
CHICAGO'S '^wnl subway, or under fi;rouncl frci,L;lit railroad, is nt)\v ready for ()|ii'ralioii. It is the most rom])lele and extensive of any tunnel system in the world. Though it is one of the greatest marvels of modern engineering and has been several years in building and has cost manv millions of dollars, there arc but few peo])le, even in Chieago, who ha\e any adequate idea of the magnitude of the undertaking or its vast importance to the industrial and commer- cial interests of the city.
Every street in the down town district, and many outside streets, are duplicated forty feet below the surface by the tunnel system. The entire subway is electric lighted, perfectly dry, clean, and well ventilated. It would be a very comfortable and ijuiet thoroughfare for pedes- trians were it not for the ever-present tracks and busy trolley trains with their (|ueer-looking little motors of such wonderful power and
ca])acity. These odd little trains are capable of a high rate of speed, but must be kept within strict hmits because of the frei|ueni street intersections and grade crossings.
The company and its engineers are prouil of the fact that not a single life has been lost or e\'en a serious injurv resulted from the work of tunnel construction or operation uj) to the present time. Nor has the companv been called upon to defend or pay any claim for damages of any kind. More than twenty millions of dollars have been e.xpended in the building of this "New Chicago," and more than one half of the total has been paid for labor. There has never been a "'strike" or other labor trouble since the work began.
.\s. a matter of fact, the subway promises to solve one of the labor difficulties which has troubled Chicago in the past. It is predicted that there never can be another teamsters' strike in this part of the citv, because the sub-
LO.\nED FREIGHT TRAIN .\T STRKICT TXTERSECTION 62
CHICAGO'S GREAT SUBWAY SYSTEM
63
wav has a capacity of two and one-half times the present tonnage of the streets, and it is but a matter of a short time when the bulk of all heavy street tralYic will be carried on under- ground.
In other words, if the subway is operated to onlv less than one-half of its full capacity it will be able to haul the equivalent of every bit of the freight now passing through the down town streets, and this includes coal as well as all classes of merchandise.
Practically the only thing lacking to bring about this great relief to the present congestion in the surface streets is the completion of the many hundreds of connections with big build- ings, wholesale establishments, and other ship- ping points. This part of the work is already well under way. In fact, terminals are now ready for operation under dozens of buildings, and the new transportation facilities have been put to practical test in the removal of much material excavated in the construction of several new sky-scrapers.
An interesting test was had by the Chicago and Alton road recently, in which a car of
coal was unloaded and dumped through a chute into the smaller cars of the subway at \'an Ruren Street, vyest of the river. It took one minute and twenty seconds to make the transfer, and eighteen minutes later the coal was all def)()sited in the bins of the First National Bank iDuilding, almost a mile distant from the ])oint of loading.
Before the end of the present year the ofti- cials of the Tunnel company e.xpect to be handling onc-tifth of the freight and coal now being hauled by wagons. It is estimated that when the subway has reached one-third of its capacity, its gross business will ap]:)ro.\- imate $20,000,000 annually.
The mail service, which is an important function of the subway, began operation recently. Practically all of the transferring of through mails Ijetwcen railway stations will be hauled in this manner in the near future.
The tunnels now reach forty freight houses where they connect by elev'ator service, end- less chain carriers, chutes, etc. There are twenty-four trunk-line railroads within this system, including six terminal stations. The
A TYPICAL VIt:W I.\ Tin; SMALLER SIZED PORTION OF THE TUWEL
64
CHICAGO'S GREAT S U BW A V S V S 'l' l'. M
a\'era<^e haul will nol he over one niiU' for ihe bulk of ihe tunnel business.
Already the subway is hanillin,;^ hundreds of car-loads dail)' for excavation work, as well as the transportation of coal and ashes to and from the big down-town buildings. More than a half-million cubic yards of dirt, ashes, and refuse has been hauled out and dumped on the lake front, where the work of building Grant Park, by tilling in a portion of Lake Michigan, is still in progress.
The plan of construction of the subway is somewhat unique. Most of it has been ex- cavated under air pressure. The bore is egg-shaped, with walls of concrete. The walls arc twelve inches thick, with a fourteen-incli bottom, or floor. The smallest part of the tunnel is six feet wide and seven feet and six inches high. In the short period of two months over five miles of this tunnel was completed, even to the tracks and wiring.
The work accomplished within the lime named also included the necessary by-])asses, intersections, lighting and drainage systems, etc. Thirty-five thousand cubic yards of con- crete were ])lacecl for walls and tloor and over 60,000 cubic \anls of earth were excavated removed through the completed tunnel to the laki' front and duni])ed in the lake.
This record has never been approached in the history of tunnel construction, even under the most favorable conditions.
The construction of this work re(|uired a large force of men. The pay rolls carry aljout 2,000 names. The entire designing and con- struction work ha\-e been umkT llie direct management of President .Albert G. Wheeler, and George W. Jackson, consulting eni^ineer of the Illinois Tunnel Company.
\Miile the tunnel is now o])en for business the work of construction is by no means com- plete. It is expected that ewntually all the ])rincipal business streets of the city will be tunnelled. At the present time there are forty- three miles of single track ready for ojieration. The main tracks of the system run under ten
north and south streets and fourteen east and west streets, with numerous l)ranches extending under all the railway terminals and numerous other shi|)iMng points. There are fourteen tun nels under the river.
The estimated increase in value of Chicago property in the next ten years, on account of the subway, is $100,000.
This huge undertaking has gone steadily on for five years practically unknown to the swarms of persons upon the streets of Chicago. About the only external evidence has been an occa- sional shafthouse at the edge of a sidewalk, and most people who saw these structures had no idea what they were.
The building of this great system includes an elaborate automatic tele])hone system, ten thousand being in ojjeration at the present time.
ENTRANCE TO M.\RSH.\LL FIELD & COMPANY'S TUN-
XEL bASEMENT, SHOWING TYPE OF
ELECTRIC MOTOR USED
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN ARMY
By RICHARD HENRY LITTLE
Ricliard Henry Little is a veteran war c irrespondent of three wars. He served tme year in Cuba in the Spanish-American War, two years in the Phihppines, where lie saw much hard fighting, and finaUy was sent to Japan to join the army during the Russian-Japan War. After several months with the Japs, who refused to allow correspondents to go to the front, he secured a dispatch boat and attempted to reach Port Arthur. He was captured by the Russians and had a narrow escape from executiim as a spy. Later he was permitted to join the Russian army and was with it in the field for a full year. He saw all the big battles of the war, including Liaon Yang, Sha Ho, San Ja Pu. and Moukden. At !Vl(.)ukden, the fiercest battle of the world's history, he was in the midst of the fighting for days, and was captured by the Japs during the Russian retreat to Tiding. Being a close observer. Mr. Little saw other things beside fighting, and this story has to do with trade conditions rather than the more serious business of war, — ED,
I
T was like getting a letter from home. I liad been rooting around in the stores of the Greciv sutlers at Moukden for an hour making guesses on whether the canned stuff I was buying with weird-looking Russian hieroglyphics on the laijels would turn out, when they were opened up on the march, to he corned beef or candied tigs. The Japanese and Chinese " tinned " stulTs were a little bit easier. I could show the cans to my Chinese boy and he would tell me what they were, or almost.
"What thing this, Ding?"
Ding would wrinkle his brow and jxincler deeply over the characters on the tin.
" Him all same chow. "
" Sure, thought it might be cast-iron stove."
" No, him chow." Any kind of foorl in pigeon English is chow.
" Well, of course it's chow. Bui what fashion chow?"
Ding would carry the tin out to the street and engage in a violent argument with the Chi- nese loafers in front of the shop. Then he would return,
'■ Him chow all same moo, moo." He
would put his hands to his head to iniitate horns and would continue to moo in a most threatening manner.
So I knew that can contained beef. Ding found it comparatively easy to tell me when the tins contained beef, pig, duck or chicken. He could imitate these animals very well. But it was different when it came to canned fruits. Ding's imitation of a preserved apple was very poor, and when he tried to make a sound like mustard it was heart-rending. I couldn't tell whether
A3AIMX1WH3
indicated fresh country butter or patent bedl:iug exterminator. So I bought the cans that had the prettiest labels. This was not always a good and safe practice. I recalled one night when I squatted down in the snow of the bleak Manchurian steppes to eat the last tin of food that I had in my saddle bags. I don't know what I had thought it was when I bought it. The label was a beauty. It had a ]:)icture of a very beautiful girl wrestling with a cute little ewe lamb. I decided just before I o|)ened the tin, as I sat there and studied the label bv the
65
66
iiDW ciiicAco HF.Li>i;i) i-i;i:i) i ii !■; rissiax army
light of my last match, that the tin contaiiu'd either mutton or lamb's tongue. Oh, joy! In feverish haste 1 chopped o])fn the tin with m\- faithful Cossack's sword and took a large bite. It was not lamb's Ongue nor vet mutton. I hate to think of what it did taste like, .\n_\- how, 1 ale no more. 1 carried it back to Moukden with me and found it was some sort of a tallow dressing for leather.
.Ml of which is mereh' to show wlu' the name Chicdiio suddenly seen on a meat tin in a Greek sutler's store away out there in Moukden was like a letlei' from home.
The name Chiiai^o helfl me spellbound.
dressing in that. Just t'orned Beef. .Xnd Chicago Corned Beef at that. I bought all the \-isible supplv. Thirly si.\ tins. " Tins " notice. I used to say " cans " after the Chicago fashion. Hut I foregathered with the Hrit- ishers so much in the Kast that I learned to say " tins." It was weird, almost pathetic, that meeting between me, a loyal son of Chicago, and a can of Chicago Corned Beef away out there in Moukden, surrounded by Russians and Chinese and llim Hutzesand the Japanese hanging around outside. Hut after that I got used to it, for all winter long .American food stulTs and di'ink stuffs and ~mall articles were
YElT.At'S," A CHINI;SK .\MI-:RIC.\X ■'l)KI'ARrNU-:N r" sroUK
What di(hi't that word mean tomel Michigan boulevard on a spring morning with the ozone rolling in from the lake, and again at night with the million and one lights glowing out of
tlu' blackness; and Lincoln Park
th
crowded streets downtown, and home. 1 came down to earth after awhile and found that that word Chicago also stood for Corned Heef. It said so just above the word Chicago. C-0-R-NE-D B-E-E-F. I could read that though I spelled it out just as though I had never read a word of English before in m\- lil'e. Corned Heef. N^o insect eradicator or harness
to be t'ound in the Creek and Chinese shops in Moukden and along the front of the army, and most of these supplies, too, were from Chicago. I'or some reason or other, the Chicago salt was saltier, an 1 the Chicago sugar was sweeter, and the Chicago corned beef was cornier than any other — to me, even away out at the front where the Ciieek sutlers brought their wagons and sold supplies at a price that would have made the lamented Captain Kidd blush with shame. I have bought tins of various foods and. bottles containing malt and s])irituous liquor (for snake bites and medicinal pm'poscs
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN ARMY
67
only). Most of the Chicago supplies came up from Tientsin on the railroad to Tsinmingtung, and thence by wagon forty miles across coun- try to Moukdcn. We had Chicago beer and Chicago bacon and Chicago corned beef and Chicago pickles, and Chicago ham and Chi- cago whiskey. The Chicago whiskey was a great burden on the hands of the Greek sutler that imported it. flven after the American military attaches with the Russian army had thoughtfully laid in a supply big enough to bid defiance to all the boa constrictors in the South American jungles in case the war should sud- denly shift to that part of the globe, the Greek still found himself with a great stock of .\meri
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HEART OF BUSINESS DISTRICT, MOUKDEX
can whiskey on hand and no buyers. The Russian officers would take the bottles up and look at them and then shake their heads and turn around and buy imitation ^•odka that tasted like turpentine and which bitcth like the adder. I-'inally we made a suggestion to the Greek and he manufactured a stencil which said in Russian " American Cognac." The Russians are inor dinately fond of Cognac, French, English, American, or any other kind. The Greek sokl off" his whiskey like the proverbial hot cake>. There was such a demand for American food stuffs that, as the supply was compara ti\ely small, the Japanese imitations were eagerly snatched up. The wise Japs did not propose that such a market as the Russian armv
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GREEK SUTLER'S SHOP. RUSSI.-\N SETTLEMENT
offered should be lost to them. Of course, their goods were not wanted inside the Russian lines, and so they sent their imitations of Ameri- can goods in enormous c)uantities up the rail- road from Tientsin to Tsinmingtung and across by the wagon road to jVIoukden. The Japa- nese have been imitating the American brands of food stuffs and supplies so long that it was an easy matter to send great cjuantities of all sorts of eatables in a short time. The Ameri- can mamtjacturer usually sends just enough of his gocds to the East to assure prospective buyers oj their n-orth, and to create a demand jor them, and then he steps aside and lets the Japanese reap the harvest nith their imitations. The Jap imitations are of the poorest qualilv
RUSSIAN OFFICERS STANniNG IN LINE. WAITINO rUK'N TO BUY SUPPLIES FROM R. R, SUPPLY TRAIN
68
IinW fllTCAC.o llll.PI'.n FI:F,I) the RUSSIAN ARM\"
imaginahlr. and ilir lalicls, while su|)i)osc'(l to be a correct iniilalion of the original, are of the " English-as-she-is-Ja])])e(l " kind and wouldn't fool a ten yeai' old American school bos'; but unfortunatel}' the majority of Chinese and Rus- sians do not know as much English as the ten- year-old school boy above referred to, and so the Jaj) imitations had eager buvers. The Jai>s in trying to co])y the English spelling on our labels invariably made a frightful mess of it. I remember a brand of baked beans that was spelled on the Jap imitations labels as " Hakked
ginity the inscription: "Made under infuriial laws of United Sttates. Rootled in Bond."
The Russians became painfully aware, after a few e.xiieriments, of the dilTereme Ijclween the real American article and the Japanese imitations, and used to send after some of us Americans to view the stocks in the Greek and Chinese shojjs, to point out the true and the false; a loving service that we always regarded as a ]5atriotic; even a sacred duty.
The Russian army in the field, numbering almost one mdlion men who subsisted almost cn-
ON'E OF THE PRINCIP.'\L STREETS I.V MOUKDEN"
Beenns." Oni' of the American articles in greatest demand in the East generally, and csf)ecially in the Russian army, was condensed milk. The .\merican brand whiili had the greatest sale had for its trade-mark a cow with " unsweetened " ])rinted across the animal's side. On the Jap imitation the cow was a sad- looking beast, a cross between a rhinoceros and a pterodactyl, and on its side was the word " Unnswealenad." The label also stated thai this " mulk is madd of evapported creem in fmcst diary district of U. S." .\ Jap imitation of .American bourbon, which was mostly cheaj) alcohol and logwood, bore as n roof of its vir-
tirely on imported food stuffs, and who were par- tial to .\merican products, otTercd a great o])por- tunity to American packers and manufacturers, an opportunit}- which they failed to embrace. They seemed to regard llic Russian army as closed to them, except by the route through St. Petersburg and Siberia, in which they had to com]xne with the European food stutTs, and over which the cost of transportation v,-as excessive. And yet all the time the route from Tientsin to Tsinmingtung and across by road to .Moukdcn was wide o])en — a short distance and low tarilTs. While I was in Moukdcn any amount of catalogs anl letters came there by way of Europe ad-
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN ARMY
69
dressed to " The American consul of Alouk- den." It was a great mystery to me. It had been repeatedly published in the newspapers that while an American consul had been named to Moukden shortl\- before the war, the condi- tions were such that the man named as consul, i\Ir. Richard Cheshire of Pekin, had been ordered not to go to his post until the hos- tilities had ceased. Yet here were manu- facturers and packers, who were supposed to be informed in regard to trade con- ditions in the East, who supposed that our con- sul was at Moukden and who insisted on wasting
PACK PEDLER SURROL'XDED BY EAGER BUYERS OF AMERICA.N' GOODS
their letters and catalogues on the desert air. The Russian postmaster at Moukden used to dump all this stuff addressed to the consul on the American attaches and correspondents in order to get it off his hands. It was not the most interesting reading in the world, but as we had no late novels or magazines full of the latest graft exposes, we had to content ourselves in poring over the latest models of cooking stoves and automobiles and reading the circular let- ters which, under the circumstances, were as funny as Puck or Judge. .\ letter which said : " Sir: We would like to introduce our grand pianos into your territoiy, and would appreciate
WHERE CHICAGO CAN.XED BEEF IS SOLD
a report from you," etc., etc., filled us with special glee. We replied to that particular communication. W'e took up each paragraph on which the manufacturers wanted informa- tion and answered it in full. We said that the one crying need in Manchuria at that moment was grand pianos. W'e pointed it out that it was music that stilled the savage breast and that the Russians wished something like twenty- tive thousand grand pianos to place in the trenches in front of the Japanese, so that the Yellow Peril could be lulled by the sweet strains into peace and tranc]uillily. We said we thought the particular kind of grand piano needed in Manchuria, was one on wheels, so that it could be moved about readily during a battle so as to soothe the dying. We also thought
A FOOD SUPPLY TRAIN DIRECF FROM ST. PETERSBURG
70
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN A k M ^•
BVILDIXG SITLER STORES I\ MOUKDEN. TO TRONIDE I'OR INTREASED TRADE
il ouj^lil to luni.' a soup-boiling aUachnu'nt, and be so arranged that when ])roperly ap preached at night it would become a folding bed. We ordered lifty pianos to fulfill the specifications we had made; but somehow ihey ni'M'r arrixed.
In China outside of Manchurian area I saw many doings of American manufacturers that were on a par with the proposal to ship grantl ])ianos into a pi'imilive war-lorn comniunitv. At one Chinese ])ort 1 was told of two hundred bicycles that had been shi])ped out to the Ivist for the Chinese trade. 'Pile wheels were of the best make known in .America. They had been marked down to the lowest possible figure, and every wheel was a big bargain. Hut the Chi- nese walked right ])ast, after one scornful glance in their direction, and almost fought each other t()l)uy a shipment of Ja])anese wheels that had arri\ed at the same time the American wheels had come. The American wheels were honestly liuilt. and \\(iul(l last years where the
Jap wheels would last months. The .American manufatturers of these wheels, conscious of their superiority, had not wasted any time thinking what sort of a wheel the Chinese would like to ha\'e. They knew their wheels were good enough for any American, and therefore they were plenty good enough for a Chinese. liut the perverse and stilT-necked heathen bought the Ihmsy, cheap-built Jap wheels and never looked thrice at the American bicycles. This was because the Japanese manufacturers had studied their customers. The |ap wheels were drop-frame in construction, the .American were diamond frames. The Chinese wears a robe, therejore he ivants a woDuni's model bieyele inslead of the man's diamond frame pattern! l\Ioreo\er, the .American wheels were of a sombre black, while the Jap bicycles were as gorgeous as a peacock. And, more than all, the .American wheels had the ciin\enl ional little ting-a-ling bells on the handle bars, while the Jap wheels had great clanging gongs that sounded like an i-ntire fire departmet respond- ing to a 4-1 1 alarm. Many estimable Chinese
Ct)RXER OF THE MAXCHC WAIJ. AT .MOUKnEN
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN ARMY
SL-ntlcmen when selectins^ a bic\ck- merely walk around among the machines clanging the bells. A Chinese loves a loud clanging bell. It soothes his ear and drives away evil spirits. This is all bosh, and makes the level-headed American manufacturer smile, but the Japan- ese bicycles were long ago sold, and the American wheels are there yet !
Another little peculiarity of the Chinese was exhibited in the sale of phonographs in North China. The Chinese are very fond .of phono- graphs and buy them eagerly. But one entire shipment went begging because the Chinese happened to look closely at the trade-mark
FOOD SUPPLIES .\RRIV1XG FROM TSI.V MING TUXG
which was that of a dog sitting in front of a phonograph listening intensely. The label was " His Master's Voice." That trade-mark was a great hit in America, but the Chinese turned from the machine in great anger be- cause they said it was easy to see from the pic- ture that that particular kind of phonograph was only intended for dogs ! A Chinese is not a dog, and therefore he is not to be insulted by giving him a machine intended only for canines. Those machines would still be waiting pur- chasers only the agent was wise enough to take them back into his warehouse and ])ut an artist to work on the trade-mark. When they again appeared the dog had disappeared and in his
P.\GODA IX CENTER OF MOUKDEN
place was a very wise looking and richly dressed mandarin. Then the agent couldn't hand the machines out fast enough. After the battle of Moukden and the retreat
0 Tiding, during which the Russian column to which I was attached was captured, I had great opportunities for chats with Japanese officers on a great variety of subjects. In fact, with soldiers with fixed bayonets prowhng in a nice little circle all around me night and day
1 had opportunity for nothing else except sleep- ing and banqueting now and then on rice and cold fish. The Japanese officers, with the secretiveness for which their race is famous, always tried to make these little talks one sided. Thev alwavs wanted me to do all the answer-
A TYPICAL SALOON
72
HOW CHICAGO HELPED FEED THE RUSSIAN ARM^
Ing while they smiled ami bowed and grace- fully sidc-step[)ed every cjueslion 1 juit at them. Hut one night when we were thumping along in a box car on the way to the coast everybody, including the Ja])anesc, became extremely con- fidential. A Russian ofliccr produced from some hidden pocket in his great overcoat a cjuart of \odka. The Japanese had been domg the honors with saki. Vodka is bad. Saki has not the same innocence as sarsaparilla or root beer. \'odka and saki combined would make the Sphinx sit up and tell her real name and why her first husband got a divorce. The Americans talked, the Russians talked, the Japanese talked. We Americans modestly admitted that the United States could lick the world. The Russians wept and said the rea- son the army retreated was because the officers lost their compass and thought they were march ing south towards Japan when in reality they were going north and away from the enemy. The Japanese officers Ix'came excited. They snapped their fingers and jumi)ed up and shouted :
" But now that we have linished the honor- able Russians our next war will at once im- mediately now begin. The war of the honora- ble Japanese against the most honorable Americans."
" Our navy is better than yours," volunteered one of the patriotic Americans.
" Ah," shouted the Japanese, " this is not to be the war of the honorable navies!"
" Our honorable army's better than yours," insisted the same American.
" No," went on the Japanese, dancing up and down, " it will not be the fight of the hont r- able armies. This the next war will be the fight of the honorable commerce."
"Our honorable commerce is better than yours," insistcci the jjatriot from the land of liberty.
" No! No! No!" shrieked the Japanese, "you Americans are now dreamers, you are as much the times behind in trade as were the honorable, Russians in war. You call vour- sehes the cute Yankees. You think vou are of all the world most clever. So did the honor- able Russians think they were the greatest of war nations. Hut just we the honorable Japa- nese study in Germany, in France and in Eng- land for all that is best for army, for na\y, and adopt it and much improve, so have we ran- sacked the world to find out the best commer- cial methods. We find all best s\stcms, all most honorable tricks, what you call 'business is business.' We learn these things, we can what \-ou say to beat you at the game of your own. Just as in the war wc suddenly astonish all the world with our honorable Shimose, which is of all explosives the most deadly, so in the great war of the commerce we also will have Shimose. Wait, you shall see !
And since then the American manufacturers have seen their Chinese trade entirely wiped out in some provinces and seriously threatened all over the Chinese empire by the present boy- cott on American goods. I have often won- dered whether the boycott was the " Shimose " the Jajjancse ofl'icer spoke about.
THE RUSSI.AM RETRE.-\T FROM MOUKDEN
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
OF CHICAGO
FOR^NIER issues of this magazine have contained a series of articles on the educational advancement of the Mid- dle West in which mention has been made of all the principal universities with the ex- ception of the University of Cliicago and the Northwestern University, two of the largest and most liberally endowed institutions of learn- ing in this country. Following will be found a little interesting history of these great seats of learning, together with something of their aims for the future and their work of to-day.
It is a matter of history that the advance of higher education quickly follows and is ever proportionate to the growth and increasing wealth of cities or nations. America is destined to lead the world in the arts and sciences as it does to-day in commerce. \'crv earlv in its history, Chicago, as well as the whole West and Middle West, began to lay the foundations of its educational institutions. It has built so wisely and so well that educa- tional advancement has kept pace with its marvelous growth in commerce and manu- facture.
In addition to its universities, technical schools, many colleges and allied institutions of learning, the city has the finest public school system and more money invested in public school property than any other cilv in the world.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Northwestern University has been a positive factor in the educational and social life of the. Middle West for more than half a century. During that time it has grown from a small Methodist School to one of the greater Univer- sities of the country. Uj) to date, Northwestern University has graduated from its various de- partments not far from 10,000 men and women. There are enrolled on its books, now, young peo- ple who are grandchildren of its early graduates.
The location of the University proper in Evanston, a suburban city of refined homes, and the provision in the charter of the Universi- tv that no liquor should be sold within four miles of its campus, have assisted the founders of this institution in their plan of making North- western University an institution which should be famed not only for its scholarship, but also for the moral upbuilding of its students.
The student who lives at Evanston and at- tends any of the departments of the University there, has the advantage of healthful surround- ings, and the opportunity of mingling in a so- cial and intellectual life that is at once inspiring and helpful.
The Campus of the University spreads along the shore of Lake Micliigan for more than half a mile. It is wooded with stately oaks and has been described as one of the most beautiful spots in this country.
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74
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHICAGO
Athletics at Norlhwcslern University iiave been remarkably free from the unliap]>y in^ fluenccs which have brought college athletics in other institutions into such disfavor among thinking peo|)le. The \'oung man who wishes to become proficient in any athletic accom plishment has every facility for doing so under trained instructors and in the midst of whole- some surroundings.
Northwestern University is a co-educational school, young men and young women attend- ing ri'citations together. The young women are housed in dormitories under the protecting care of exiierienced matrons. Young men
Blanchard, J. K. Fiotsford, .\ndre\v J. Brown, Henry W. Clark, John Evans, Grant Good- rich, Zadoc Hall, Richard Haney, and Orring- lon lAint. It was unanimously agreed that ''ihe interests of Ciirislian learning demand I he immediate establishment of a University of the Northwest." A committee was accord- ingly appointed to secure a charter from the General Assi'inhh- of Illinois, which charter was approved by the Governor of the State, on January 28, 185 1.
College oj Liberal A lis, in F.vanston, opened in 1855, olTers a full four years' course leading to a l)achelor's degree, fitting young men and
NORTHWESTERN UMVERSITV MEDICAL COLLEGE
room and Ijoard in jiriMile families or at stu- dents' clubs.
.■\n unusually large percentage of young men attending Northwestern University defray all or part of their expenses by their own earnings and the social life of the college is so demo- cratic that the boy who works is exactly on a social plane with the young man of wealth.
Northwestern University has enrolled about 4,000 students, about ,:;,ooo of whom are in the degree-conferring departments. It has several hundred professors, many of whom are men of international re])utalion. The University is a wealthy one, having real estate and income-bearing |>roperty amounting to about $8,000,000.
.\ meeting to consider liie iirojecl to found a University in the vicinity of Chicago was held in this city on May 31, 1850, and was attended by the following named persons: R. H.
women for teaching or for admis.^ion to a pro- fessional school, and offering superior advan- tages in connection with the Schools of Music, and Oratory, the Theological Schools and Dearborn Observatory. Its courses include the whole range of scholastic training taught iti any of the greater .\merican universities, including arts, sciences, languages, and litera- ture. Its physical, chemical, and astronom- ical laboratories are admirably ecpiipped, and a new de|)artmeiit of engineerin;^ has recently been added.
The Medical Seliool, in Chicago, founded in i85(;, was the first .\merican medical school to give a graded course, to lengthen the teaching year, and to demand educational requirements for entrance. It ])rovides a full four years' course, exceptional clinical advantages, and actual instruction at the bedside. This School has >ix alViliated hospitals, with 50,000 cases
XORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BnLDIXGS AT EVAN'STON
treated annually. It is a pioneer in medical in the heart of Chicago enables it to offer un-
education. surpassed advantages in the way of nearness to
The Law School, in Chicago, was founded the different courts and convenience of trans-
in 1859, and is one of the oldest schools of its portation from all parts of the city. The Law
kind in the country. Forty per cent of its stu- library includes the Gary collection, the finest
denls hold academic degrees. Nearly one- library on Continental Jurisprudence in the
fourth of the practicing lawyers of Chicago re- West.
ceived their training at this School. Its location J he School oj Phanitacy, in Chicago, founded
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EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHICAGO
in 1886, offers courses leadinj^ to the degrees of Graduate in Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chem- ist, Bachelor of Science and Master of Phar- macy. Practical training in Pharmaceutical, Analytical, Sanitary, Commercial, Manufactur- ing, Engineering and Mining Chemistry is given, and the School is equipped with seven large, complete laboratories and a good library.
The Denial Sdiool, in Chicago, founded in 1887, is the largest in the world, and includes capacious lecture-rooms, eight large laboratories, large, well-lighted clinic room, con- taining one h u n - dred and sixty chairs. T h i r 1 \' thousand cases arc treated annually.
The Schorl oj Music, in Evans- ton, organized in 1895, ofTers a full four years' course in various branches of music, with shorter courses for special students.
In close co-opera- tion with N o rt h - western University, are: Garrett Bibli- cal Institute, and Norwegian and Danish Theological Schools, Cumnock School of Ora- tory, Evanston Academy, Elgin Academy, and the Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, ill.
The Academies prepare for college or for a technical or professional school. They give the student a well-rounded course in all the elemen- tar\' branches, fitting him for a business career.
The students of the several departments of Northwestern University have unsurpassed opportunities for worlc in public and private libraries, including, Lunt Library at Evanston,
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY UUILUING, CL.^RK AUD L.\KE STREETS, CHICAGO
the libraries of the different departments of the University, and other libraries, public and pri- vate. The students of Northwestern Univer- sity have access to over 300,000 pamphlets and nearly 1,000,000 bound volumes.
The Law School, School of Pharmacy, and Dental School are comfortably housed in the Northwestern University Building, corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago.
The L'niversity Campus has an area of about sev- enty-five acres, and is beautifully situ- ated in Evanston, on the shore of Lake Miciiigan, twelve miles from t h e c e n t e r a n d about two miles from the nortiiern limits of the city of Chiiagc). ( )n it are placed the buildings of the College of Liberal Arts, Gar- rett Bibhcal Insti- tute, the .\cademy, and the School of Orator y . T h e school of Music and the women's dor- mitories W'illard HalU'earsons Hall, and Chapin Hall — are on Willard Hall Cam- l)us, distant from the University Campus about three minutes' walk.
Northwestern University was founded in 185 1, and opened to students in 1S55. It is an institution ol nected with
higher learning, historically con-
the growth of Chicago. The faculties consist of four hundred instructors and assistants The students number over 3,300, nearly three thousand of whom are enrolled in the College and Professional Schools.
A VIEW OF THE U.NIVERSITV BUILDIXGS FROM THE iMIDWAY PLAISANCE
1 HE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
One of the obvious facts about the Univer- sity of Chicago is its rapid material growth. It was only about twenty years ago, in 1886, that the old University of Chicago closed its doors and gave up its property in satisfaction of a mortgage which it could not redeem. It was not until two years later that the .Ameri- can Baptist Educational Society began to dis- cuss plans for a new university, and it was not until i8go that the present University of Chicago was incorporated. In 1891 William Rainey Harper accepted the presidency of the new enterprise, the first appointment to the Faculties was made, and ground was broken for building. October ist, 1892, instruction was begun in Cobb Hall, students taking up their work in the building before the carpenters had left it and passing to their classes over scafTolding. It is since this time, in a period of less than fifteen years, that the present development of the University has been attained. This development, on the material side, may be suggested by a few sum mary facts. The University possesses a cam- pus of more than sixty-six acres. It has thirty-four build- ings, valued at more than four million dollars, the total value of the build- ings and grounds reaching seven mil- lion dollars. The total assets of the University, including buildings, grounds, and invested funds.
THE LAW SCHOOL VNIVERSITV OF CHICACO
amount to more than nineteen millions, plac- ing it among the most liberally endowed in- stitutions in the country.
But more characteristic than its material development, striking as it is, is the spirit of the University. This spirit, in harmony with the temper of the city in which the University is located, is a spirit of utility, a desire so to adapt means to ends that in education, as in business, the largest economies of time and energy may be secured. By this it is not meant that culture and fine arts are slighted, but that in the organization of the University, its curricula, and its system of instruction, the aim is to impart knowledge to students in the most effective way. .\nd it is considered no shame if, in the attainment of this end, legiti- mate methods which have been employed in the development of great business enterprises are adopted.
The purpose to provide an education which shall be of service and not merely an ornament to a privileged class, is indicated first in the wide scope of the University curricula. In- struction is offered not merely in the classics, the humani- ties, theology, or even law, but in science and economics, gov- ernment, banking, accounting; subjects intended for a man of business. This ex- pansion of the cur- ricula is not peculiar to the University of Chicago. It is a ten-
78
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHICAGO
dcncy to which all great American uni\ir sities have responded in a greater or less de gree. But in the organization of the Univer- sity and in the system of instruction by which knowledge in the various Ijranclics is imparted it is believed that the University of Chicago has gone farllicr in the ilii-cclinii of adaptation to individual needs and economies of effort than any other American institution of a university character.
In the Colleges general instruction is offcreil in Arts, Literature, and Science, as in other in- stitutions. The system of admission require- ments and curricula is, however, different. Manv institutions |ircscril)e minutelv the sub
this kind by asking candidates for entrance to present liftcen units of work (a unit indicating roughly a course running through a year in a (ireparatory school) from a large list of ap- proved subjects comprising nearly every study to be found in the widest curriculum. Of the fifteen units, eight and a half are prescribed but these prescribed units, three of English, three of language other than English, and two and one-half of Mathematics, are subjects which any student in a high school would take, without which he could hardly complete his course under any circumstances. The result is that high school graduates, even though tliev decide to enter college onlv at the last
THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, IMVERSITV C)I' CHICAGO
jects whicli a candidate shall ])resent for en- trance, requiring specified amounts of Latin, History, Mathematics, and other subjects. In theory a graduate of a rei)utai)le high school which oilers a four years course ought to be able to enter college. In ])ractice, so rigid are the admission requirements of many American institutions that unless a man decides early in his high school course which one he wishes to attend and aflapts his course of study to its svstem, he finds himself at the end of his course unable to enter witliout furtiier prepara- tion. He may have had a course of study which in quantity is eijual to that demanded, but it differs in constituents.
The University of Chicago avoids rigidity of
minute, if their work has been creditable, may enter the University of Chicago. The Univer- sity asks no less preparation than other institu- tions, but it allows a wider range than many.
I'"oi- the work of the Colleges the University offers three degrees. Bachelor of .Arts, Bach- elor of Philosophy, and Bachelor of Science, [•"or these degrees there are naturally specific requirements; about one third of the courses of a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of .Arts, for instance, are prescribed. This curriculum corres])onds to the traditional course in the classics and humanities and stu- dents must present for graduation, among other things, Greek and Latin. But it is pos- sible foi' him to enter upon this course although
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO BUILDINGS
he has had no Greek or Latin in his prepara- tory school. For the degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science there arc other requirements, but Latin is not prescribed. The withdrawal of Latin as a prescribed sub- ject was stoutly opposed at the time it was discussed in the spring of 1905, by instructors who believed in the cultural value of that subject, but this value which was admitted by many who advocated the change was not con- sidered sufficient to meet the other aro;umcnls
that in general students should be free to gain the education which is almost directly helpful to them and that the University, although it might advise a man even in science to study Latin for its broadening and humanizing effect; ought not to draw him away from his chosen field if he was firm in his desire to specialize. In other words, the principle prevails that the curricula should exist for the students and not the students for the curricula. .-Knd this conl- larv princi])lc is acccj)ted thai after a student
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EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHICAGO
has reached tlu- college stage he is in general entitled to decide whr.t constitutes his own interests. The University of Chicago is not committed to the complete elective system. It lays down certain group requirements. That is, a man is not permitted to present for his degree a hodgepodge of subjects from vari- ous quarters. He must offer a series tending toward a definite end.
The professional schools of the University, schools, that is, of Law, Medicine, and Theo- logy, are graduate institutions. The Uni\ersity has adopted the theory that lawyers, physicians, and clergymen ought to be men matured by study and experience. The raw youth just from his high school is in no position to cope with the problems that law and medicine pre- sent and if he succeeds in obtaining a profes- sional degree at the age of twenty or twenty- one, he is in no position to gain a practice. Therefore the University recjuires of its profes^ sional students a previous college training, but consistently with thorough preparation it economizes as far as possible a student's time. Thus, in the Medical Courses and in the Law School, there is a pro\ision for combined aca- demic and |)rofessional curricula by which the college course and the professional training are dove-tailed into each other, the first year of the study of Law standing as the last in the colleges, and the first two years of study in the Medical School as the last two in the Col- leges, and a student may obtain both degrees in a ])enod of si.\ or si.x and a half years. A man who enters college when he graduates from his high school at the age of nineteen, which is perhaps a fair average, is ready to lake u]) his life work at twenty-five. The preceding three years wdiich, under a system of premature prep- aration he would spend almost ine\itably in waiting for custom, he occupies in gaining a mental equipment that will enable him to deal with custom when he gets it.
Thus through the organization of curric- ula in the colleges and the professional schools, the University applies the business princijjle
of delinile application of efi'orl. A more di rect response to business conditions in a great business center appears in the work of the Col lege of Commerce and Administration. The University does not undertake to do the work of a business college bv giving instruction in short hand or book-keejiing. Nor can it in any way gi\-e directly the \alue of business experience. But it is the theory of the University that a man's proficiency in business may be greatly increased by actjuaintance with the funda- mental |)rinciples of history, government, and economics, and a grasj) of the English lan- guage. Therefore, to students who are look- ing forward to a business career, the Uni- versity otTers grou])s of courses in banking, transportation, trade and industry, and jour- nalism. It should be pointed out that the courses in journalism do not consist of techni- cal training in writing for news])apers but of an introduction to the great movements in in- dustry, politics, and literature wliich claim the attention of the modern world and with which journaUsm deals. Furthermore, lead ing business men have been brought to the Universitv to give special lectures on business problems such as insurance, transjjortaiion, the organization of retail stores, and others. Undoubtedly more striking, however, is the response to business needs which consists in the organization at Uni\'ersity College, in the Fine Arts Building, in the heart of the city, of special evening courses for railway and banking employes. The railway courses which were organized in the autumn of 1904 are practically supported by the lines which center in Chicago, each contributing a quota of the expense and receiving a proportionate num- ber of scholarships for its employes. .\ large number of men is taking advantage of the o])i)ortunity to work in such courses as the Organization and Mechanism of Railways, Traflic Work, and Present-day Problems.
Such are a few of the princijial character- istics of instruction in various departments of the University.
CHICAGO COMMERCIAL ASSOCIATION TRIP THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST
Bv H. L SAYLER
1 0
\'ER six thousand miles were co\"ered and twenty towns vis- ited during tlie recent tour into tlic Southwest by the del- egation of the Chicago Com- mercial Association. This was the most extensive of the several trade extension tours of the Association in 1905- 1906.
The fourteen men composing the delegation left Chicago January 14 and returned February 5. The private cars Sunset and Columbia were used, and although no engagements or appoint- ments were officially made with the represent- atives of the towns to be visited, in no place was there a failure to almost instantly meet some official body. Where formal meetings had not been planned by the citizens in anticipation of the arrival of the visitors, they were at once arranged for, and within a few hours the
maximum number of merchants had been met, and more or less of the locality inspected by the delegates. In this manner, stops were made at Las Vegas and Albuquerque, in New IMc.xico; at every point of importance in Cali- fornia south of San Francisco ; at Phoenix and Tucson, in x\rizona; and at El Paso, in Texas.
In most of the cities there were formal luncheons or dinners, at which the most inti- mate relations were formed between the visitors and their hosts. The delegation was enabled to review not only the direct trade relations between the towns visited and Chicago, but to look more directly into the needs of the locali- ties visited, and it is the belief of all those in the party that an immense amount of new information on this subject has been brought back that will be useful to the members of the Association.
There was an attempt in each town to get as far awav as oossible from mere "boom"'
DI'.l.LGAIlu.M IN liUARD OF TRADE, SAN FRANCISCO
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ASSOCIATION TRII' T H F-l O U (1 II THE SOUTHWEST
talk, and to reach an undcTslamlinL,' a> to those things needed in exchange between the locality and Chicago.
Much of the success of the trij) was un- doubtedly due to the pronounced attention given to the jiarty by the railroads — the Santa Fc, Southern Pacific, and Rock Island. Every elTort was made, and successfull\', to mo\e the two cars on schedule time; to do which the Santa Fc and Southern Pacific each created, when necessary, special trains to ex- pedite the regular service, and the Rock Island attachi'd the cars of the delegation to its lim- ited train. The personal attention of the officials of the roads was most considerate and
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agreeable. Two changes wert' made in the prearranged itinerary, both for the purpose of securing more time in the cities visited, and with the approval of all concerned.
The gentlemen making the trip and the ofTicers of the delegation were:
James R. Baker, James R. Baker & Co., commission merchants.
C. P. Coffin, Credit Manager Illinois Steel Co., manufacturers.
C. II. Crosettc, Cutler & Crosette, men's urnishers.
Frank G. Hall, Keith Bros. & Co., hats, caps, and gloves.
E. L. Hasler, E. L. Hasler Co., fruit com- mission.
\V. F. Hypes, Sales Manager Marshall Field & Co., dry goods.
J. P. Mann, Morris, Mann & Reilly, dry goods anil jewelry novelties.
H. L. Sayler, General Manager City Press .Association of Chicago.
F. S. Shaw, President the Cable Companv, |)ianos and organs.
H. C. Staver, President Staver Carriage Co., manufacturers.
W. M. Thompson, Secretary Kelley, Maus & Co., heavy hardware.
Ralph \'an \'echlen, \'iee I'i'esident Com- mercial National Bank.
Fred .\. ^\'atson, Watson - Plumnier Shoe Co., boots and shoes.
S. E. Wood, Wood Bros., live stock com- mission.
W. M. Thompson, Chainnau. W. F. Hypes, Treasurer. Xeil Sattcrlcc, Press Kepresentalive. Augustus Knight, Assislaiil.
LAS VEGAS
After two days' travel, the delegation reached Las \'eg'^s. New Mexico, on time, .\lthough tile arriwil there was at half-past one in the afternoon, and in spite of the fact that the party was informally received, yet at 2:20 P. M. the delegates had already visited the Com- mercial Club, from which ])lace lhe\- were es- corted to a private trolley-car, on which they made a visit to the GaUinas Canyon.
On the return from the canyon, the members sejiarated to make visits to the various business houses, after which there was an informal reception on board the train before its depart- ure. At this place Mr. \V. F. Hypes was unfortunately recalled by the death of Mr. Marshall Field, and he left the jiarty with much regret.
Concerning the visit, the Las Vegas (")])- tic said it was ]>leasing to sec that leading business men were making personal trips, as it was "the best kind of evidence that the trade of the region is growing in importance.
ASSOCIATION TRIP THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST
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New Mexico believes that with water its barren lands will rival the fairest California vales, and it does not hesitate to say that its inexhaust- ible supplies of coal are probably greater than that of any state in the Union, and that its other mineral resources are almost wholly undeveloped. And above all, it feels that not all this potential wealth can compare with its matclilcss climate."
The guests were entertained by the officers of the Commercial Club, who are F. H. Pierce, president; Isaac Davis, vice-president; Charles W. G. Ward, secretar)-; and George A. Fleming treasurer.
ALBUQUEROUE
Although the arrival at Albuquerque was just before midnight of the same day, the train had hardly come to a pause when it was boarded by a waiting committee. There was an immediate reception in the near-by Harvey Hotel, followed by a walk in the moonlight to the Commercial Club, with an incidental view of what a present "wide-open" town of the West means. After an hour at the Commercial Club, where, despite the lateness, many mer- chants had assembled, the visitors retired, to be met early the next morning by the local committee with automobiles and tallyhos.
Each portion of the town was visited, and a protracted stop was made at the plant of the American Lumber Company, where white pine is being handled on a most elaborate scale, and turned into an immense product of finished lumber, doors, and fruit -boxes.
At the suggestion of the railroad company, the stay of the visitors was cut short and their cans were attached to a train leaving at 9 :3o p. xi. Up to that hour, however, there was a pleasant meeting at the Commercial Club. The re- ception committee in charge of the visitors was made up of Col. W. H. Greer, Wallace Hesselden, A. B. McGaffey, J. N. Coffin, Maynard Gunsul, F. A. Hubbell, E. S. Stover, D. A. McPherson, O. N. Marron, and (1. W. Stubbs. Of these Colonel Greer, although a
young man, is at the head of a cattle and min- ing company capitalized at $18,000,000, J. X. Coffin is secretary and treasurer of the Amer- ican Lumber Company, and G. W. Stubbs is a well-known mining authority.
The men of .\lbuqucrque pin much of their faith in the future of what they predict is to be an "old-time" mining "boom" at Kelly, in the Magdalena mining district, which they think will rival Cripple Creek furore. This vicinity has long been known for its lead and silver ores. In 1904 it was also found that these
A SMILE OF WELCOME AT ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO
mines ran high in zinc, and the Sherwin- Williams Paint Company, of Cliicago, bought the Graphic mine and has since taken out a million dollars in zinc ores from it. Other mines have been bought by Chicago people, and last year gold was also found, with copper, in the southern part of the district.
SAN BERNARDINO
Some loss of time from the scheduled itiner-
84
ASSOCIATION TRIP THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST
ai}-, w liich occurred in New Mexico after lea\ - ing Albuquerque, was more tlian made up by the Santa Fe officials when they created a special train for the di'legation, and after a rapid run throu.gh the mountains of the South- west reached San Birnardiiio, California, on schedule time, but in a heavy rain. The weather was the cause of great jubilation on till- part of the citi/i'ns, wiio declared, with great satisfaction, that more than two inches of rain had fallen in the night. The earliest of the delegation to leave the cars were greeted by boys bearing llowers from the Santa Fe railway, and the garden of palm-trees near
GROUP OF IN'DI/WS .AT .M.BUQUEROUE, ,\EW .MEXICO
the depot was the (Irst sight of real California for many of the visitors.
By an inadvertence the delegation missed a breakfast whicli Manager Fred Richards, of the Harvey Hotel, had prepared for them; but at 8:30 o'clock they were greeted by a committee of the following citizens; Governor J. B. Gill, chairman; Mayor H. M. Barton; President G. A. .\twood, of the Board of Trade; Vice-President C. W. Monahan, of the same body; and Secretary W. L. \'estal. In cliarge of these gentlemen, the visitors boarded a special trolley-car which had been provided, and saw much of the town, going as far as Highland and its orange groves, from which place a distinct view was had of the .Xrrow
Head on the mountain side, miles away. This trolley tour was ])lanned to have extended to Urbita, but owing to the rain it was curtailed. .\fti-r the ride, the delegates devoted the morn- ing to calling on merchants, and later Jield an informal reception at the leading hotel, leaving at 1 1 o'clock for Rcdlands.
REDLANIXS
Tliere could be no doubt of the entluisiasm with wliich the delegation was greeted at this town. .\ committee was in waiting at the depot, and although it was still rain- ing, there was a soft, springhke balm in the air, and no part of the programme as arranged was omitted. Prominent among those to greet the delegation was the venerable .\. K. Smiley, who has maile Mohonk on the Hudson so famous for its garden of llowers, and who has, here in Redlands, contriljutcd one of the wonders of California in the park ox'crlooking San Bernardino x'alley and the San Timoleo can\'on, generally known as "Smi- Icy's HeiglUs." In com])any with Mr. Smiley and a committee consisting of A. G. Hubbard, chairman; Mayor J. J. Suess, H. P. D. Kings- bury, Charles M. Brown, M. Zimmerman, George Ford, D. A. Fonday, H. H. Garstin, F. C. Hornby, Henry Fisher, E. S. Graham, H. H. Ford, F. P. Morrison, S. C. Haver, E. M. Lyon, and L. M. King, the visitors were at once taken to this well-known ])ark, some- limes known as the "Canyon Crest Park." Here for miles e\'er\' wealth of sub-tropical and leiuperale ilime vegetation was exhibited in its most highly (leN'eloped state, after whiih there was a similar visit to England Park on tile heights, where terraces, homes, and (lowers all appear to be on a general decoratiw plan, contributing to tlu' artistic a])pearance of the town.
RIVERSIDE
The triangle formed by San Bernar- dino, Redlands, and Riverside is tilled and surrounded by the territory devoted to or- ange culture that has made California fa-
ASSOCIATION TRIP THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST
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mous. Although Riverside is perhaps the oldest of these towns, members of the recep- tion committee that greeted the delegation on its arrival here were ai)parcntly the youngest met in California. The Hotel Glcnwood, in the center of the town, is one of the best illustrations of the adaptation of the Mission style of architecture to modern uses, and its reproduction of the old Mission facade and chimes offers a picture of which the Riverside people are justly proud.
Riverside has the distinction of originating the cultivation of the Washington navel orange — which is now the orange of commerce in all that region — and the original tree, brought from Washington years ago, — the cuttings from which have produced all the groves in the vicinity, — now stands before the Glen- wood Hotel, protected in an iron cage, as it was transplanted by President Roosevelt two years ago. The visitors were taken directly to the Rubidoux Club rooms by the members of the Riverside Business Men's .\ssociation, in charge of A. B. Clark, E. F. Grundstrom, Felix Lightner, G. Rouse, H. F. Grout, A. N. Younglove, and ^laurice Griffin. The attractiveness of this club was enhanced bv immense bowls of oranges arranged temptingly within reach. After an informal reception there were a few remarks, and the delegates separated to visit the merchants in their stores.
LOS ANGELES
The delegation was averse to making ar- rangements for formal receptions in towns to be visited, and yet the members reached no town unheralded by some waiting repre- sentative body. Between Riverside and Los Angeles the Santa .\na committee boarded the train and made a gracious tender of the freedom of that city. Los Angeles was reached on schedule time, and at La Grande station a committee was waiting in the per.sons of Fred A. Mines, A. B. Cass, E. F. C. Klokke, J. L. Matheson, J M. Schnieder, and T. W. Phelps,
representing the Los .\ngeles Chamber of Commerce, to know the pleasure of the vis- itors, and to invite them to join in a programme arranged for the entertainment of a large dele- gation from Portland, (J)regon, due in the city at the same time.
As the stay here was to be over Saturday and Sunday, members of the delegation re- moved to the Van Nuys Hotel, all being pre- viously supplied with cards entitling them to the courtesies of the Jonathan and California clubs.
Saturday morning was given over to the merchants and to trade, and at noon the
.\T BAKERSFIELD. CALIFOR.VI.\
delegation met T. Fricdlanler, secretary of the Merchants' Exchange, of San Francisco, at the Board of Trade, together with the officers of the local Board, in an informal reception. In the afternoon a visit was made to Mount Lowe, through the courtesy of General Man- ager Schindler, of the Pacific Electric Railway. After luncheon at the .\lpine Tavern, the mem- bers returned on the special car and in the evening there was an informal meeting at the Board of Trade, at which the delegation mem- bers were joint guests of the Board with the Portland delegation of 200 which had arrived in the city that day. The rece])tion committee named for this occasion included nearly all the representative merchants of Los Angeles.
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ASSOCIATION' TRIP Til ROUGH Til
SOUTHWEST
At this mccling lliciT were speeches l)y Presi- dent Koeplli, of the Chamber of Commerce, by Will A. Harris, and Judge B. N. Smith; by a representative of the Oregon delegation, and by II. C. Sta\er for the Chicago delegation. These addresses were full of the enthusiasm of the West. Mr. Stavcr, speaking for Chicago, won enthusiastic applause by his reference to Southern California, and to the State of Ore- gon, and his narration of what Chicago had done to bring about liie passage of the Recla- mation .\ct, and which meant so much, not only to the Southwest and Northwest, but to Chicago as well. Not only had Chicago been in the Reclamation act fight, "but," he said, "we are going to continue to help vou get the lands between us, which seem to separate us, as it were, covered with the products of its soil, through irrigation so that there shall l)e no arid land Ijetween Chicago and the great Pacific."
After the meeting the Chicago ])arlv was entertained al the Jonathan Chib.
Sunday, while some of tlie delegates s])ent the day quietly with friends, the larger portion of the party visited the famous Catalina Island, returning late in llie evening, and leaving at midnight for San Diego. Mr. F. S. Shaw was recalled to Chicago from Los .\ngelcs on ac- count of a death in liis familv to the great regret of all the di-legates.
S.\N DIEGO
As one of the three possible Pacific Coast gateways to the commerce of the Orient and the southern republics, San Diego was particu larly interesting to the delegation, and it was received there with an eager welcome. In the early morning the delegates were at iibcrtv to meet business men, but at 10:50 o'clock there was a meeting at the Chamber of Commerce, with Dr. Edward Grove, president of the cham- ber, in the chair. The talk was largely on the line of new transcontinental railway possibili ties. S. E. Wood responded to the cordial welcome for the v-sitors, and G. W. Marston
A OLIMPSIi; OF THE OrL FiniLD AT B.'VKERSFIELD. C.\LIFOR.\'I.\
explained iiow the construct'on of a new rail- road between El Paso and San Diego would liring Southern California in close touch with Chicago.
When H. C. Staver re[)lied that lie had good reasons for ljelie\ing that the Rock Island would be ad\-anced to San Diego, he was greeted with a furore of applause. San Diego is expending 81,500,000 on an irrigating water supplv, which will fertilize an immense section of country, and this, with its harbor and the possibilities of widely increased trade, make its people most sanguine as to the future.
.\fter this meeting the delegation made a visit to the Cuyamaca Club and had luncheon. In the afternoon there was an automobile ride to Mission ClitT, and on the return a stop at Point Loma and the home of Mrs. Tinglev. Later the visitors called uj^on .\. G. Sjjalding, formerly of Chicago. In tlie afternoon there was a trip across tlie bay to Coronado, where many of the delegation dined. SANTA ANA
In Santa .Ana the delegates were the guests of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' .Vssocia-
AT THE G.\TES OF THE H.\GINTEVIS RANCH NEAR BAKERSFIELD. CALIFORMA
ASSOCIATION TRIP THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST
87
tion, and the foUowint^ committee from the body met them early in the morning. John Me- Fadden, President; U. A. Uhn, Secretary; E. B. Smith, E. R. Remsburg, Clyde Horton, S. Hill, M. L. Lane, H. S. Tubbs, F. P. Nickey, J. H. Rankin, V. E. Blodgett, W. B. Winslow, Julius Rheinhaus. The party was escorted to the Chamber of Commerce, where
bodies of iron ore in its mountains, it feels thai the possible combination of oil and iron in the manufacture of steel must hold for it great possibilities, some of which may never be realized without a direct rail line to the ocean and port facilities. The delegation ar- rived here early in the morning of January 24, and was met at Kern by representatives of
VIEW FROM THE MOUNTAIN DRIVE. A BIT OP MISSION CANYON'
there was a reception and some speeches. F. P. Nickey, president, spoke for the Cham- ber of Commerce, and \V. H. Spurgeon, John Beatty, J. A. Hankey, and R. H. Sanborn represented the city.
W. M. Thompson, chairman of the deli'- gation, responded on behalf of the Association.
BAKERSFIELD
Like San Diego, Bakersfield wants railway competition. Supplying the crude oil for llie Coast and the Southwest, anfl with immense
the Board of Trade, who, in automobiles, at once escorted the delegates to the oil- fields, where, from a mountainous bluff, the unending and innumerable derricks were disclosed. After a detour of several miles, the delegation was taken directly into the field itself, and a stop made for closer inspection of the pumps and reservoirs. At the conclusion of this a long ride was made to the Hagin-Tcvis stock- farm, west of the town, and on the return from this i)lace to the citv at noon there was a
88
ASSOCIATION- TRIP T H R O T ( ■ 1 1 TIIK S OUT H WES 'I'
luncheon at llic Bakcrsfield Club. The prominent men of the city were the hosts. Frank G. Hall responded for the visitors to
the formal welcome extended.
FRESNO
Althou,u;h the ]iarly ri'aelied I'resno aliead of its schedule, it was liar<llv in town, in the early evening, before its members had been welcomed In' a conmiittee and carried bodily into tlie inn(|ue little Chamber of Com- merce, near the depot, where, surrotinded l)y
there was an exchange of cordial toasts and a general discussion of matters of mutual interest to hosts and guests. A. L. Hobbs, President of the Chamber of Commerce, was toastmasler. Chester H. Rowell, editor of the Fresno Re- publican, and other Fresno citizens spoke of the great raisin and wine country, while Chair- man W. M. Thompson, F. A. Watson, II. C. Slax'er and C. H. Crosette responded for the visitors.
A pari of the succeeding morning was de- Noted to an automobile ride among the raisin
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THE MISSION OF S.-\NT.\ 13ARli.AR.\ FOUXUED 17SB
generous specimens of raisins, golden dried fruits, and bottles of sparkling wines, a stere- opticon told in a few moments of the wonders of the adjacent (■ountr\- — commercial, agri- cultural, and |)hy>ical. The conmiittee hav- ing this in charge included A. L. Hobbs, A. L. Rcdlick, W. T. Mattingly, De Witt H. Gray, and George F. Slaniford. The picture talk was by Miles Wallace, who gave the visitors an insight not only into Fresno and its imme- diate vicinity, but also illustrated some of the wonders of the Yosemite.
Later in the evening, the delegates dined formally at the Secjuoia Hotel, as guests of the Chamber of Commerce. During the dinner
and wine \ ine\ar<ls and \'isits to several winer- ies. Editor Rowell, concerning the visit, wrote: "We of the Far West have a sense of isolation which makes us welcome a closer personal touch with those who come from the denser centers of civilization. We feel that only that touch will remove the isolation. Dis- tance is nothing in these days of rapid transit, but the gap in the imaginations of peoples by a great region of high mountains and barren desert needs to he bridged by incidents and contacts which remind us that it is only imagi- nary. It is that imaginary gulf alone that jjrevents California from jumping at a single bound to the goal of her destiny."
ASSOCIATION TRIP THROUGH THE SOUTHWEST
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STOCKTON
In the plenitude of its welcome, Stock- ton was not content to await the arrival of its visitors. Secretary Colvin B. Brown, of the Chamber of Commerce, journeyed to Fresno, and the instant the visit to that city was ended he put liimself in charge of the delegation. Although the stay in Stcokton was but four and a half hours, in this time, with the help of Secretary Brown, A. C. (3ul- lahan, Mayor Gardner, Josei:)h Lynch, R. P. Lane, John A. Clark, E. W. Drury, and D. A. Guernsey, much was seen and heard. An hour's automobile tour showed the busi- ness and residence portions of the city and the water-front — Stockton's gateway to San Fran- cisco harbor and the sea. The business build- ings of Stockton indicate not only prosperity, but up-to-date building ideas.
Just before dinner the visitors met a large number of business men in the Novelty Theatre, which Manager Kaiser had put at the disposal of the committee, and